添加剂对牛粪堆肥不同阶段真菌群落演替的影响

为研究物理添加剂对牛粪堆肥过程中真菌群落结构的影响，以牛粪和小麦秸秆为原料，以生物炭、火山石作为添加剂，进行了为期30d的堆肥实验.结果表明，好氧发酵基本实现牛粪无害化和稳定化的要求.高通量测序结果显示，堆肥原料中Wallemia占主导地位，相对丰度达到86.85%；堆肥高温阶段，空白处理和火山石处理中Wallemia、Aspergillus为优势菌属，而生物炭处理中Scedosporium、Acremonium相对丰度较高；降温阶段，Mycothermus和Thermomyces占优势，添加生物炭的处理中Thermomyces的相对丰度较其他两个处理高.腐熟阶段，3个处理中Mycothermus的相对丰度均为最高，而火山石的添加增加了Remersonia及Trichosporon的相对丰度.Spearman相关性分析结果表明，牛粪堆肥过程中Mycothermus与GI、TN、TP、NH₄⁺-N、含水率、pH值、VS、脲酶显著相关（P<0.05）.本研究从真菌变化的角度，为牛粪好氧发酵机理研究与工艺优化提供参考.

Effect of additives on the succession of fungal community in different phases of cattle manure composting

In order to investigate the effect of physical additives on the fungal community structure during the composting of cattle manure, a 30-day composting experiment was carried out with cattle manure and wheat straw as raw materials, and biochar and volcanic rocks as additives. The requirements of harmless and stablilization of cattle manure composting were achieved in experiments. High-throughput sequencing results showed that Wallemia was dominant in composting raw materials, with a relative abundance of 86.85%. In the thermophilic phase, Wallemia and Aspergillus were the dominant genus in the control treatment and volcanic rocks treatment, while the relative abundance of Scedosporium and Acremonium was higher in the biochar treatment. Mycothermus and Thermomyces were dominant in the cooling phase, and the relative abundance of Thermomyces in the biochar treatment was higher than that in the other two treatments. In the maturity phase, the relative abundance of Mycothermus was the highest among all the treatments. The addition of volcanic rocks increased the abundance of Remersonia and Trichosporon. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Mycothermus was significantly correlated with GI, TN, TP, NH₄⁺-N, moisture content, pH, VS and urease (P<0.05). This study provides references for the research on mechanism and process modification of cattle manure composting.