哈尔滨市大气细颗粒物污染特征及其毒性效应

为研究哈尔滨市大气细颗粒物的污染特征及其毒效应，分别采集PM_2.5、PM_1.0样品，分析其质量浓度、数浓度的变化分布特征以及对小鼠肺损伤的影响.结果表明：2017年全年PM_2.5、PM_1.0的质量浓度均呈冬高夏低趋势；PM_1.0质量浓度占PM_2.5总质量浓度的62%~85%，PM_1.0数浓度变化趋势为两边高中间低，且其大小与温度呈负相关，与相对湿度无显著相关性；研究大气颗粒物对小鼠肺损伤影响时发现，染毒组小鼠肺组织细胞中LDH、ACP、AKP、ALB增高，说明大气颗粒物PM_2.5和PM_1.0对小鼠肺组织细胞具有毒效应；肺灌洗液中MDA、NO、NOS水平升高，SOD活性下降，说明PM_2.5和PM_1.0都使机体发生氧化损伤，且PM_2.5和PM_1.0质量浓度增加，会使小鼠肺组织细胞毒效应增强，由此引发的机体氧化损伤程度增大.

Study on pollution characteristics and toxic effects of fine particulate matter in Harbin,China

In order to study the pollution characteristics and toxic effects of fine particulate matters in Harbin, we analyzed the distribution characteristics of their mass and number concentration and their effects on lung injury in micewith samples of PM_2.5 and PM_1.0 in 2017. The results showed that the mass concentration of PM_2.5, PM_1.0 showed a pattern of high in winter and low in summer; The mass concentration of PM_1.0 accounted for 62%~85% of the total mass concentration of PM_2.5. The temporal pattern of PM_1.0 number was lower in the middle of the year and higher in both ends, and its number concentration was negatively correlated with the temperature, and there was no significant correlation with the relative humidity. In the study of the effects of atmospheric particulate matter on lung injury in mice, it was found that LDH, ACP, AKP, ALB in lung tissue cells of mice exposed to air particulates increased, indicating that PM_2.5 and PM_1.0 had toxic effects on lung tissue cells of mice. The level of MDA, NO, NOS in lung lavage fluid increased and the activity of SOD decreased, which indicated that both PM_2.5 and PM_1.0 caused oxidative damage in the body. With the increase of the mass concentration of PM_2.5 and PM_1.0 in the air particles, the cytotoxic effect on the lung tissue of mice was enhanced and the degree of oxidative damage was increased.