柳江盆地浅层地下水硝酸盐分布特征及影响因素分析

以秦皇岛柳江盆地浅层地下水硝酸盐为研究对象,在地下水污染源调查的基础上,于2014年7月丰水期、2015年4月枯水期共采取浅层地下水样215组.基于变异函数模型和Arc GIS地统计模块,分析了浅层地下水中硝酸盐含量时空分布特征,并利用因子分析方法探讨了硝酸盐污染成因.结果表明,无论丰水期还是枯水期,研究区东南部均为硝酸盐主要污染区域,含量达30~120 mg·L~(-1),但枯水期硝酸盐污染面积约为丰水期的1.4倍;硝酸盐空间分布受人类活动和地质条件影响显著,其次为Eh、DO、p H和地形地貌条件.北部浅层地下水硝酸盐含量小于20 mg·L~(-1);中部主要来源于人类活动及农业种植中氮肥的流失,局部污染较严重;南部受隔水边界阻隔作用,表现为硝酸盐累积效应,污染严重.

Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Nitrate Pollution in Shallow Groundwater of Liujiang Basin

Taking the nitrate in shallow groundwater of Liujiang basin as the research object, a total of 215 groups of shallow groundwater samples were collected during the wet period in July 2014 and the drought period in April 2015 on the basis of groundwater pollution investigation. The characteristics of spatial and temporal variability and the account of nitrate pollution were analyzed based on the model of semivariogram, the geostatistics of ArcGIS and factor analysis, respectively. The results showed that the study region in the southeast was the main nitrate-polluted area, with concentrations of up to 30-120 mg·L^-1, in both wet and drought periods, while the nitrate-contaminated area in drought period was about 1.4 times higher than that in wet period. The spatial distribution of nitrate was primarily influenced by human activities and the geological conditions, and secondarily by Eh, DO, pH and landform conditions. The nitrate concentration was less than 20 mg·L^-1 in north. Pollution in local middle area was rather serious, due to human activities and the loss of nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural cultivation; the area to the south, which was confined by impervious boundary, was seriously contaminated, as indicated by the nitrate accumulation effects.