黑土丘陵区小流域土壤有机质空间变异及分布格局

土壤有机质的空间变异和分布格局是土壤科学领域研究的热点.在经典统计学和地统计学的基础上,结合"3S"技术,对黑土丘陵区海沟河小流域土壤表层(0~20 cm)中有机质的空间变异、分布特征及影响因子进行深入探讨.结果表明,海沟河小流域土壤有机质含量在黑土区处于较低水平,变异程度为中等变异,且存在空间自相关性;土壤有机质的空间变异受人类活动、耕作措施等随机因素影响很小,受结构性要素影响较大,空间上各向异性显著;土壤有机质含量从东向西逐步减小,以高程为协变量的协同克里格插值能够提高空间插值精度.土壤有机质空间分布受地形地貌等自然因素以及受其制约的土地利用的影响较大,受交通道路、居民点等要素的影响较小;采样点周边环境会增加有机质的空间变异和分布的不确定性.以流域为单元,进行SOM的空间变异、分布及影响因子研究具有重要意义和科学价值.

Spatial Variability and Distribution Pattern of Soil Organic Matter in a Mollisol Watershed of China

Spatial variability of soil organic matter and its distribution pattern are the hot issues of soil scientific research. Selecting Haigouhe watershed as the study area, this paper mainly focused on the spatial variability, distribution pattern and its impact factors of SOM in the surface soil by classical statistics, Geo-statistics and "3S" technology. The results showed that: compared with the other black soil areas, the SOM content in Haigouhe watershed was a little lower, there was a spatial autocorrelation, and a moderate variability. Random factors, such as human activities, cultivation measures and so on, had little impact on the spatial variation, while the structural factors had a dominant function, and there was a remarkable spatial anisotropy of SOM. The SOM content reduced gradually from east to west with the familiar changes of height, so the co-kriging interpolation, selecting elevation as the co-variate, was employed to improve the accuracy. The spatial variability of SOM and its distribution pattern in Haigouhe watershed were greatly affected by topography and land use but weakly influenced by traffic, villages and other social factors. The surrounding environment of the samples would increase the uncertainty of spatial variability and interpolation of SOM and it cannot be ignored in future studies. In summary, it was a significant scientific research to analyze the spatial variability, distribution pattern of SOM and its main impact factors in a mollisol hilly watershed of China.