开放式空气CO2增高条件下稻田磷化氢气体的释放研究

磷化氢(PH3)已被证实是大气中普遍存在的痕量气体.采用FACE(free air carbon dioxide enrichment)平台,研究了不同氮施肥水平(常氮250 kg/hm2和低氮125 kg/hm2)下,CO2浓度升高对水稻田磷化氢释放通量的影响.结果表明,水稻生长旺盛期(分蘖,拔节)磷化氢通量和浓度高于生长缓慢期,FACE圈常氮区分蘖期磷化氢释放通量最大,为(155.2±22.71)ng/(m2.h).整个水稻生长期磷化氢平均释放通量最大值在FACE圈常氮区观察到,为(41.72±7.06)ng/(m2.h),最小值(-1.485±6.229)ng/(m2.h)出现在对照圈低氮区.FACE处理显著促进磷化氢的排放,不同氮素水平对磷化氢释放影响差异不显著.磷化氢的净通量和浓度与温度均呈显著正相关.对水稻成熟期全天释放通量及浓度测试表明,光照是影响白天磷化氢浓度的主要因素.

Effects of Free-air CO2 Enrichment on Phosphine Emission from Rice Field

Phosphine, a trace gas, has been proved to commonly exist in environment. Under free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) condition, the phosphine fluxes were investigated on the function of different nitrogen fertilizer application, NN (normal N, 250 kg/hm~2) and LN (low N, 125 kg/hm~2) . Results showed that phosphine fluxes and concentrations in flourishing stages, both tillering stage and elongation stage, were higher than in slowly growing stages. The highest phosphine flux of (155.2 ± 22.71) ng/(m~2·h) was observed in tillering stage in NN zone of the FACE area. The highest average phosphine flux of(41.72±7.006) ng/ (m~2· h) was observed in NN zone of FACE area, while the lowest average phosphine flux of (- 1.485 ± 6.229) ng/(m~2·h) could be detected in LN zone of the ambient area. CO_2 enrichment can obviously improve the phospine emission. The nitrogen fertilizing level doesn t play an important role in phosphine emission. Both net fluxes and concentrations of phosphine had obviously positive correlation with temperature. A one-day phosphine flux and concentration experiment was carried out in ripening stage. The result showed that light was the prominent factor influencing phosphine concentration in daytime.