从降水-土壤水分-作物系统探讨黄淮海平原旱作农业和节水农业并举的前景

小麦全生育期产量随蒸散量而增加,>500mm后产量下降,经研究与实践证明,一般年份该地区水浇地小麦产量比旱地增产,黄河以北尤为突出,但旱作农业基于土壤可贮存的 1/3的雨季降水,而有一定潜力。因此,用系统的观点一方面充分利用该地区的自然降水,发挥土壤水库的贮水作用以发展旱作农业;另一方面充分利用现有水浇地节水灌溉,并通过各种有效措施,提高水分利用率。

THE PROSPECT OF DRYLAND FARMING AND IRRIGATED FARMING IN HUANG-HUAI-HAI PLAIN BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE PRECIPITATION-SOIL-CROP SYSTEM

According to the analysis of the precipitation-soil-crop system in Huang-Huai-Hai plain, this paper suggests that due to the midsummer rainfall plays an very important role in supplying water to crops, so in this plain dryland farming have greater potentialities.In case of irrigation area which can not be largely improved recently, we should develop at the same time the dryland farming and irrigated farming in this area, and possibly use the natural resources (Climate, underground water and so on) to develop the dryland farming. In other case, we should also study the rule of water consumptioni n irrigation areaed for limit irrigation water. Some technique can be used for raising the efficiency of water utilization, such as the use of chemical fertilizer, antt-infil-tration irrigation system etc.