Effects of untreated hospital effluents on the accumulation of toxic metals in sediments of receiving system under tropical conditions: Case of South India and Democratic Republic of Congo |
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Authors: | Josué Ilunga Mubedi Naresh Devarajan Séverine Le Faucheur John Kayembe Mputu Emmanuel K Atibu Periyasamy Sivalingam Kandasamy Prabakar Pius T Mpiana Walter Wildi John Poté |
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Institution: | 1. Université Pédagogique Nationale (UPN), Croisement Route de Matadi et Avenue de la Libération, Quartier Binza/UPN, B.P. 8815, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo;2. Postgraduate and Research Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India;3. Faculty of Science, Forel Institute and Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, CP 416, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland;4. Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India;5. University of Kinshasa, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, B.P. 190, Kinshasa XI, The Democratic Republic of the Congo |
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Abstract: | Physicochemical and ecotoxicological analyses have been performed to assess the quality of sediments receiving untreated hospital effluents from Indian and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) hospitals. The sediments were collected monthly and characterized for grain size, organic matter, total organic carbon, total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, toxic metals and ecotoxicity. The results highlight the high concentration of toxic metals from the Indian hospital effluent receiving systems, especially for Cr, Cu, As, Zn and Hg. On the other hand, the metal concentrations in the sediment receiving system from DRC are low (e.g. maximum Hg and Zn concentration were 0.46 and 48.84 mg kg−1 respectively). Ostracods exposed to sediment samples H2 (September month sample) and H3 (June and September month samples) were found dead after 6 d of exposure whereas the higher mortality rate for Congo sediments was 23% but was accompanied with 33 ± 7% of growth inhibition. The results of this study show the variation of sediment composition on toxic metal levels as well as toxicity related to both, the type of hospitals and the sampling period. Additionally, hospital effluent disposal practices at the study sites can lead to the pollution of water resources and may generate risks for aquatic organisms and human health. |
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Keywords: | Hospital effluent Receiving system Toxic metals Ecotoxicology India Congo DR |
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