铅锌冶炼弃渣有害特征及其浸出行为研究

铅锌弃渣是有色金属工业排出的大宗固体废物之一。其中有铅冶炼系统排铅烟花炉渣,锌系统排锌回转窑渣。铅锌弃渣一般含有多种超过排放标准而目前又尚无成熟工艺提取的有价值和稀贵金属元素。这些废渣的堆存直接影响自然景观,并有可能对环境如土壤、水体和作物等造成危害。因此,考察铅锌渣的有害特征,研究其水浸出行为与规律,对解决铅锌弃渣对环境污染,寻求同行业固体废物的治理途径具有重要的现实意义。

Hazardous Characteristics and Leaching Behaviour of Waste Lead and Zinc Slags

Basic emphasis of this work is to analyse and to measure the main physical,chemical and mechanical properties of waste slags from lead and zinc refining processes. Their hazardous characterics are searched according to "The Pollution Control Standard of Solid Waste-in Non-ferrous Metals Industry". The results show that both waste slags are harmless.The factors affecting water-leachable bahaviour of both slags are temperature,pH and precipitation strength. Leaching concentration and amount of most toxic pollutants in the waste slags are increasing as temperature is-getting high. So temperature is a significant factor. Leaching of the heavy metals in the waste slags is negatively relative to pH of leach liquor,but positively relative to the anions of fluorine and arsenic. In addition,leaching amount of all pollutants in the waste slags is decreased as rainfall strength increased. In each case arsenic is one of the most hazardous element that pollutes the environment,the next is flourine. The maximal leaching concentrations of arsenic and flourine are 1075μg/L and 8.48mg/L respectively in the experiment.