黄河沿岸地带水资源短缺的症结与对策探讨

20世纪90年代以来,黄河多年持续断流,已经严重影响到沿岸地带社会经济发展和人民生活。论文针对黄河水资源短缺矛盾的主要症结,即社会经济发展造成需水量猛增;水资源利用效率低下,浪费严重;缺乏完善的水资源管理体系和制度;水质污染严重;水利工程调蓄能力不足等方面,提出几点缓解水资源矛盾的建议与对策:①建立完善的市场经济机制,包括对水资源实行资产化管理,建立有偿使用制度、利益补偿机制、改革投资体制等;②强化以流域为单元的水资源行政管理和立法监督,促进水资源合理配置和优化调度;③调整产业结构,建立节水型农业、工业以及城市等国民经济体系;④加快实施南水北调工程和水利工程建设等。

Analysis of cruxes to water scarcity and countermeasures in areas along the Yellow River

The up per and middle reaches of the Yellow River are significant parts of Western development strategy,and the lower reaches are the strategic parts of Longhai-Lan-Xin(Lianyungang-Lanzhou-Urumqi)economic strip of the new Eurasia-continental Bridge.Since the1990s,the continued occurrence of the trunk stream cutoff of the Yellow River for several years has seriously affected the development of society and economy and human's life,and limited the exertion of economic potential of the drainage area.Probing the cruxes of the problem of water scarcity,including the uprush of water requirements resulted from the social and economic de-velopment,the severity of water pollution,the low efficiency and heavy waste of water use,the absence of perfect administrative system,the lacking in manoeuvre ability,etc.,the authors put forward some proposals to mitigate the problem of water scarcity:(1)to set up perfect market mechanism such as practising water capitalized management,setting up use system with com-pensation and benefit compensation mechanism,reforming investment system;(2)to enhance wa-ter administration and legislation taking a specific drainage basin as a unit for the rational allo-cation of water;(3)to adjust industrial structure and build national economic systems related to economical water use;and(4)to quicken the pace of implementing South-to-North water transfer project and water conservancy project.