基于新一代测序技术的A2O与BIOLAK活性污泥宏基因组比较分析

本研究是A2O(anaerobic/anoxic/oxic,厌氧/缺氧/好氧)与百乐克(BIOLAK)活性污泥宏基因组比较分析的首份报告.在百乐克和A2O活性污泥宏基因组中,分别检测到47个和51个门类,超过了澳大利亚强化生物除磷(enhanced biological phosphorus removal,EBPR)、美国强化生物除磷和Bibby活性污泥中所检测到的生物类群.百乐克活性污泥中所发现的门类,均在A2O活性污泥中检测到.但是,有4个门类仅在A2O活性污泥中出现.Ignavibacteriae门在A2O活性污泥宏基因组中的比例(2.044 0%)是百乐克活性污泥(0.637 6%)的3.2倍.与此同时,芽单胞菌门在百乐克活性污泥宏基因组中的比例是2.467 3%,比其在A2O活性污泥中的比例(0.140 4%)高出17倍多;衣原体门在百乐克活性污泥宏基因组中的比例是0.219 2%,比其在A2O活性污泥中的比例(0.036 0%)高出6倍多.另外,在属的层级,有167个属仅在A2O活性污泥中检出;与此同时,有50个属仅发现于百乐克活性污泥中.因此,在门和属的层级,A2O与百乐克活性污泥的生物群落均存在巨大差异.然而,在百乐克和A2O两个活性污泥中,与氮、磷、硫和芳香族化合物代谢相关的功能基因比例均是非常接近的.此外,两个活性污泥中KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia for Genes and Genomes,京都基因与基因组百科全书)所有6个类别的排序均相同.同时,氮代谢相关的功能基因分类和通路分析表明,高丰度酶在百乐克和A2O宏基因组中具有相同的排序.因此,A2O和百乐克活性污泥宏基因组比较分析显示,两个不同的生物群落具有相似的功能分配.

Comparative Metagenomics of BIOLAK and A2O Activated Sludge Based on Next-generation Sequencing Technology

This is the first report of comparative metagenomic analyses of BIOLAK sludge and anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A²O) sludge. In the BIOLAK and A²O sludge metagenomes, 47 and 51 phyla were identified respectively, more than the numbers of phyla identified in Australia EBPR (enhanced biological phosphorus removal), USA EBPR and Bibby sludge. All phyla found in the BIOLAK sludge were detected in the A²O sludge, but four phyla were exclusively found in the A²O sludge. The proportion of the phylum Ignavibacteriae in the A²O sludge was 2.0440%, which was 3.2 times as much as that in the BIOLAK sludge (0.6376%). Meanwhile, the proportion of the bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadetes in the BIOLAK sludge was 2.4673%, which was>17 times as much as that in the A²O sludge (0.1404%). The proportion of the bacterial phylum Chlamydiae in the BIOLAK metagenome (0.2192%) was>6 times higher than that in the A²O (0.0360%). Furthermore, 167 genera found in the A²O sludge were not detected in the BIOLAK sludge. And 50 genera found in the BIOLAK sludge were not detected in the A²O sludge. From the analyses of both the phylum and genus levels, there were huge differences between the two biological communities of A²O and BIOLAK sludge. However, the proportions of each group of functional genes associated with metabolism of nitrogen, phosphor, sulfur and aromatic compounds in BIOLAK were very similar to those in A²O sludge. Moreover, the rankings of all six KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia for Genes and Genomes) categories were identical in the two sludges. In addition, the analyses of functional classification and pathway related nitrogen metabolism showed that the abundant enzymes had identical ranking in the BIOLAK and A²O metagenomes. Therefore, comparative metagenomics of BIOLAK and A²O activated sludge indicated similar function assignments from the two different biological communities.