不同产地硅藻土原位控制土壤镉污染差异效应与机制

为了了解不同产地硅藻土对土壤Cd污染固定效应及机制的差异,选择了云南腾冲、吉林临江、浙江嵊州和河南信阳这4地的硅藻土作为改良剂,对人工模拟Cd污染土壤进行原位固定修复试验.结果表明,不同产地硅藻土均能有效固定土壤中的Cd,当添加浓度为30 g·kg-1时,上述4地硅藻土分别使土壤有效态Cd含量下降了27.7%、28.5%、30.1%、57.2%;不同产地硅藻土对土壤Cd污染固定能力排序为:河南信阳浙江嵊州吉林临江云南腾冲;不同产地硅藻土自身理化特征对土壤Cd的固定起主要作用,硅藻土堆密度越小,比表面积越大,微孔数量越多,孔径分布范围越广,越有利于土壤有效态Cd的固定;不同产地硅藻土可以通过调节土壤理化性质来控制土壤Cd污染,土壤p H值和有机质是关键调控因素,提高p H值和增加有机质能有效促进有效态Cd的固定,调控土壤含水率对Cd的固定效果影响不大,而通过调控土壤CEC来控制土壤Cd污染存在一定时效性;河南信阳、浙江嵊州、云南腾冲硅藻土均使土壤p H值上升,有机质增多,有利于土壤Cd的固定,而吉林临江硅藻土则反之.

Differential Effect and Mechanism of in situ Immobilization of Cadmium Contamination in Soil Using Diatomite Produced from Different Areas

In order to understand the difference of in situ immobilization effect and mechanism of Cd contamination in soil using diatomite produced from different areas, the test was conducted using diatomite produced from Yunnan Tengchong, Jilin Linjiang, Zhejiang Shengzhou and Henan Xinyang of China as modifiers to immobilize cadmium contamination in simulated soil. The results indicated that the diatomite from all the four producing areas could effectively immobilize available Cd in soil, decreasing the available Cd content in soil by 27.7%, 28.5%, 30.1% and 57.2%, respectively when the adding concentration was 30 g ·kg^-1. Their ability for immobilizing available Cd in soil followed the sequence of Henan Xinyang > Zhejiang Shengzhou > Jilin Linjiang > Yunnan Tengchong. It was also found that the physical and chemical properties of diatomite played a main role in soil cadmium immobilization, lower bulk density, larger specific surface area, more micro pores and wider distribution range of aperture were more favorable for available Cd immobilization. The results also showed that, the diatomite could control Cd contamination by changing soil physical and chemical properties, among these properties, pH and organic matter content were the key factors, increasing soil pH value and organic matter content was favorable for available cadmium immobilization, while the soil water content had little effect on available cadmium immobilization. The control of soil cadmium contamination by using diatomite to change cation exchange capacity was limited by time in some degree. The diatomite produced from Henan Xinyang, Zhejiang Shengzhou and Yunnan Tengchong increased the soil pH value and organic matter content, and was favorable for available Cd immobilization, while the diatomite from Jilin Linjiang showed converse effect.