关于《水污染防治法》修订中加强经济政策手段的思考

"十二五"以来,我国对水污染防治运用经济政策手段进行了积极探索。党和国家出台的政策文件、新修订的《中华人民共和国环境保护法》以及《水污染防治行动计划》等都对水污染防治经济政策手段的制定和实施提出了新的要求。因此,亟需在未来《水污染防治法》的修订过程中加强对相关经济政策手段的规定,给予相关手段明确的法律地位,充分发挥经济政策在水污染防治中的重要作用。为此,本文建议着眼于"十三五"及未来更长一段时期水环境质量改善以及水污染防治形势和突出问题,以推动构建和实施系统、协调和高效的水污染防治经济政策体系为目标,结合党和国家相关文件、法律、行动计划的最新要求,借鉴国际上通过立法保障水污染防治经济政策手段制定和实施的经验,重点从投融资政策、税费和价格政策、排污交易政策等三个方面对现行《水污染防治法》进行修订、补充和完善。具体建议包括:一是完善关于财政投入和融资渠道的相关规定,要求加大水污染防治财政投入和补贴力度、鼓励水污染防治第三方治理方式和PPP模式以及建立流域上下游(跨界)生态补偿机制等;二是完善对于环境税(费)和其他价格机制的相关规定,增加关于环境保护税的说明等;三是增加逐步推行重点水污染物排污权交易的条款等。

Reflections on Strengthening the Market-based Instruments in the Amendment of Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law

China has explored the marketbased instruments for water pollution control since 12th FiveYear period. The latest documents that issued by the Communist Party of China and the State, new amended Environmental Protection Law, and Water Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan also raised requirements for the formulation and implementation of marketbased instruments for water pollution control. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the regulations of marketbased instruments in the future amendment of Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law and set clear legal status to the relevant means for improving their role of water pollution control. This paper suggests that to focus on the water environment quality improvement and pollution control situation and outstanding problems in the 13th FiveYear period as well as future longer period of time. Based on the objectives of promoting the construction and implementation of a systematic, coordinative and efficient market-based water pollution control system, the amendment should combine with the latest requirements of documents, laws, and action plans that issued by the Communist Party of China and the State, draw on the international experience of safeguarding the formulation and implementation of marketbased water pollution control policies by means of legislation, focus on the policy fields of investment and financing, tax and price and emissions trading. The recommendations including that first, improving relevant provisions on financial investment and financing channels, encouraging the financial investment, subsidy, third party governance, PPP and updownstream (cross boundary) ecocompensation, etc.; second, improving relevant provisions on environmental taxes (fees) and other price mechanisms, complementing the explanation of environmental tax, etc.; third, improving relevant provisions on water pollution trading of key pollutants, etc.