通风模式对餐厨垃圾生物干化能效及氮素损失的影响

针对餐厨垃圾生物干化处理周期长、脱水效率低的问题，基于外源辅助加热的生物干化机，比较不同通风模式（温度控制通风设置4个处理:TFWD 45-50、TFWD 50-55、TFWD 55-60、TFWD 60-65；时间控制通风设置2个处理:TFSJ 20、TFSJ 60）对餐厨垃圾生物干化过程系统脱水能效及氮素损失的影响。结果表明:1）与温度控制通风的4个处理相比，时间控制通风的2个处理的总氮（TN）和铵态氮损失较小、发芽指数（GI）较高；2）连续通风TFSJ 60的水分去除效率最低（66.78%），TN和铵态氮损失最小（分别为8.14%、12.96%），腐熟度最高（EC为2.72 mS/cm、GI为75.00%），单位质量水分去除能耗最低（1.10 kW·h/kg）；3）TFWD 50-55的水分去除效率最高（达到99%以上），TN和铵态氮损失最大（分别为16.95%、57.83%），腐熟度较低（EC为4.28 mS/cm、GI为19.58%）、去除单位质量水分的能耗较高（1.74 kW·h/kg）。Pearson相关性分析结果表明:TN、铵态氮与含水率呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与温度、EC、耗电量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。因此，生物干化后的物料若进行好氧堆肥处理制成有机肥后回归土壤，则建议采用连续通风（TFSJ 60）处理餐厨垃圾；生物干化后的物料若焚烧或者填埋处理，则建议采用温度控制通风（TFWD 50-55）处理餐厨垃圾。研究结果为餐厨垃圾快速生物干化处理通风模式的选择提供了参考。

EFFECTS OF AERATION MODES ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION,DEHYDRATION EFFICIENCY AND NITROGEN LOSS OF KITCHEN WASTE BIO-DRYING

Aiming at the problems of long treatment cycle and low dehydration efficiency of kitchen waste bio-drying, the effects of different aeration modes (groups with aeration controlled by temperature:TFWD 45-50, TFWD 50-55, TFWD 55-60, TFWD 60-65; groups with aeration controlled by time:TFSJ 20, TFSJ 60) on energy consumption, dehydration efficiency and nitrogen loss of kitchen waste biol-drying, on the bio-drying machine with external auxiliary heating, were evaluated. The results showed that:1) compared with the four treatments of aeration controlled by temperature, the two treatments of aeration controlled by time were with less total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium nitrogen losses, and higher germination index (GI); 2) continuous aeration, TFSJ 60, was with the lowest dehydration efficiency (66.78%), lowest TN and ammonium nitrogen losses (8.14% and 12.96%, respectively), highest maturity (EC was 2.72 mS/cm and GI was 75.00%), and the lowest energy consumption per unit of mass dehydration (1.10 kW·h/kg); 3) TFWD 50-55 was with the highest dehydration efficiency (more than 99%), TN and ammonium nitrogen losses (16.95% and 57.83%, respectively), lower maturity (EC was 4.28 mS/cm and GI was 19.58%), and higher energy consumption per unit of mass dehydration (1.74 kW·h/kg). Pearson correlation analysis results showed that TN and ammonium nitrogen were positively correlated with moisture content (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with temperature, EC and energy consumption (P<0.05). Therefore, continuous aeration (TFSJ 60) was recommended for kitchen waste, if the bio-dried materials were treated by aerobic composting to return to the soil; aeration controlled by temperature (TFWD 50-55) was recommended, if the bio-dried materials were to be incinerated or landfilled. This study could provide references for the selection of aeration mode for the treatment of kitchen waste by external auxiliary heating bio-drying machine.