水力旋流分离器在水处理领域的应用研究进展

水力旋流分离器具有分离效率高、简单可靠、绿色经济等优点，被广泛应用于各种分离场景，特别是近年来在水处理领域得到诸多关注。概述了运行操作参数（进料流速、进料浓度、进料压力）、结构设计参数（溢流管插入深度、底流管直径、回流角）、旋流器构型种类（W型、抛物线型、圆柱形）对水力旋流器分离性能的影响。优化操作参数可增强水力旋流器分离效率；溢流管插入深度与圆柱体横截面直径比值（L₀/D）为1.0时产生的流场更有利于分离；底流管直径存在最佳设计范围；旋流分离器与水源热泵联用吸入角为90°时效果最好。水力旋流器的分离作用在水处理过程中可以起到改善微生物聚集体性能（如提高污泥水解速率、提升沉降性能）、分离特定颗粒态微生物（如厌氧氨氧化菌颗粒污泥）、去除或回收特定密度物质（如悬浮有机物、泥砂、金属颗粒）等诸多作用，为水力旋流器在水处理领域的应用拓展了新的前景。

RESEARCH REVIEW ON APPLICATION OF HYDROCYCLONE IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Hydrocyclone separators have advantages of high separation efficiency, simplicity, reliability and low cost, which has been widely used in various separation scenarios, especially in wastewater treatment in recent years. This article reviewed the operating parameters (feed flow rate, feed concentration, feed pressure), structural design parameters (overflow pipe insertion depth, underflow pipe diameter, reflux angle) and configuration types (W type, parabolic type, completely cylindrical type) on the hydrocyclones separation performance. Optimizing the operating parameters could enhance the separation efficiency; the flow field generated when the ratio of overflow pipe insertion depth to cylindrical cross section diameter (L₀/D) equaled 1.0 was conducive to separation; the underflow pipe diameter had an optimal range; combining with water source heat pump, the optimal suction angle was 90°. The recent progress of hydrocyclone research and application included promoting microbial aggregates (including increasing sludge hydrolysis rate and improving sedimentation performance), separating specific particulate microorganisms (including anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria granular sludge) and removing or recovering substances with specific density (including suspended organic matter, mud sand, metal particles), which opened up new perspectives for hydrocyclones future application in wastewater treatment.