水电大坝扰动与栖息地质量变化——以漫湾电站为例

分析了水电大坝建设对栖息地影响的原理和时空特征,在此基础上选取了水电大坝对栖息地影响的主要指标,建立了大坝对上游库区和坝下栖息地影响的评价指标体系.并以云南省澜沧江干流上的漫湾电站为例,通过对漫湾电站建坝前后各个栖息地指标变化率的分析和集成,探讨了漫湾电站的建设和运营对库区和坝下栖息地的影响,并确定了影响强度.研究结果表明,漫湾大坝对上游栖息地的髟响强度值为0.53,对下游栖息地的影响强度值为0.37,即短期时间内,对上游库区栖息地的影响大于对坝下栖息地的影响;对上游栖息地影响最大的是栖息地连续性(1.00)和栖息地面积(0.58);对下游栖息地影响最大的是栖息地连续性(0.68)和稳定性(0.65).

Quality evaluation of habitats disturbed by the Manwan Hydropower Dam

The interactions between a hydropower station and local habitats and (interactive) processes were analyzed over both, spatial and temporal scales. A comprehensive measurement indicator system was selected based on the above analysis to assess the effects of the Manwan dam on the regional habitat quality. The rates of change Ri of the indicators before and after the operation of the Manwan dam were calculated to assess the effect intensity. Compensation factors Ui were given to each factor for more accurate assessment. The results show that the construction and operation of the Manwan dam has effects both on upstream habitat and downstream habitat. The relative effect value of the Manwan dam on upstream habitat is 0.53 and on downstream habitat is 0.37. Thus, over a short period, the effect of the Manwan dam on upstream habitat is more severe than on downstream habitat. So, more attention must be paid to the effects of dams on habitat quality and effective measures must be taken to protect the environment in the construction process and to restore the ecosystem after construction.