论流域管理

流域管理被认为是对水资源管理的重要方式。文章探讨了流域及流域管理的定义，从制度经济学角度建立了实施流域管理的理论基础，探讨了流域管理机制、体制和交易成本，和中国的流域管理。文章认为，流域是一个由于水的关系而形成的自然地理单元，但流域管理是对由于水的关系而形成的地理单元上的各种经济和社会活动的管理。实行流域管理是出于解决问题的需要：流域管理在区域以上的流域层次增加了一层信息处理和交流的机制。不同的外部制度环境和内部问题，可能导致流域管理机制和模式的不同，导致不同的流域管理组织，如流域理事会、流域委员会和流域管理局等。在流域管理制度的设计中，制度成本是决定组织的重要影响因素，也是决定流域管理成败的关键因素。我国的流域水资源管理具有独特的特点，特别是在管理机构的设置和职能安排上。

Riverbasin Management

Riverbasin management is considered as an important mechanism to manage water resources. The paper discussed the definition of riverbasin and riverbasin management, developed the theoretical basis for riverbasin management from a view of institutional economics, discussed mechanism, organization and institutional cost of riverbasin management, and riverbasin management in China. The riverbasin is a physical unit formed related to water, but riverbasin management is the management of the economic and social activities on this unit. To implement riverbasin management is out of solving problems. In the information process, riverbasin management adds an information process and communication mechanism at riverbasin level which is higher than regional level. The different external institutional environments and internal problems may result in difference in riverbasin management mechanism and organization, such as riverbasin council, riverbasin commission and riverbasin authority. In the design of riverbasin management institution, the institutional cost is the key factor affecting the organizational design, the key factor deciding the success or failure of the riverbasin management as well. When reviewing riverbasin water resources management in China, it is found that it is with characteristics in allocation of rights and responsibilities in institution.