基于遥感与GIS的黄河三角洲绿色空间生态服务价值评估

基于黄河三角洲1987、1997和2007年的TM遥感影像解译数据和野外调查结果,得到研究区三个年度的土地利用空间分布图。然后从土地利用的角度重新审视绿色空间的概念和内涵,建立基于土地利用类型的绿色空间生态评估体系,分析黄河三角洲地区的绿色空间生态服务价值及其变化情况。研究结果表明,1987—2007年间黄河三角洲地区绿色空间土地利用变化显著,其中,水体面积增加明显,农田、林地面积略有增加,湿地和草地面积显著减少,未利用地面积略有减少。土地利用面积的变化直接影响到其生态服务价值的变化,研究期间湿地生态服务价值减少了77.72亿元,草地减少9.00亿元,未利用地减少0.16亿元;水体的生态服务价值增加54.54亿元,农田和林地共增加3.41亿元。研究区绿色空间生态服务价值呈逐年减少的趋势,20年间研究区生态服务价值减少了28.94亿元。通过对绿色空间单项生态服务价值功能重要性进行评价,研究表明黄河三角洲地区单项生态服务价值以湿地、农田和水体占主要地位,这与各单项生态系统的面积及其单位生态服务价值量有关。

Ecosystem services value assessment of green space in the Yellow River Delta based on RS and GIS

Based on the 1987,1997 and 2007 TM remote sensing data and the results of the field investigation of the Yellow River Delta,the figures of land use distribution of the three years had been obtained.By reviewing the concept and connotation of green space from land-use point of view,establishing a land use based green space ecological assessment system,the ecosystem service value of green space and its changes in the Yellow River Delta could be analyzed.The research results showed that there were significantly land-use changes in the Yellow River Delta from 1987 to 2007,the water body area increased significantly,the farmland,forest land area increased slightly,the wetland and grassland were significantly reduced and the unused land decreased slightly.These changes directly affected the ecosystem service values in the study period：7.772 billion RMB was reduced on the wetland ecosystem services value;900 million RMB was reduced on the grassland and 16 million RMB was reduced on the unused land with their area reduced;the ecosystem services value of water body increased by 5.454 billion RMB;farmland and forest land by 341 million RMB with their area increased.The ecosystem services value of green space of study area was gradually decreasing from the year 1987 to 2007,and the reduced value was 2.894 billion RMB.By evaluating the significance of the ecosystem service function,the following findings could be obtained：the wetland,farmland and water body dominated the individual ecosystem service which was related to the area of each individual ecosystem and its ecosystem service value units in the Yellow River Delta.