Environmental impact assessment of total chlorine free pulp from Eucalyptus globulus in Spain |
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| Authors: | Sara González-García Almudena Hospido Ma Teresa Moreira Javier Romero Gumersindo Feijoo |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain;2. Centro de Investigatión Y Tecnología, ENCE, Carretera de Campañó, Ribeiro Vao, E-36157 Pontevedra, Spain;1. Fibre and Particle Engineering, Faculty of Technology, PO Box 4300, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland;2. Process Metallurgy, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, PO Box 4300, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland;3. Ekolite Inc., Sampsankatu 4B, PO Box 20520, Turku, Finland;4. Haarla Oy, Pyhäjärvenkatu 5 A, 33200 Tampere, Finland;5. Ekokem Palvelu Oy, Kuulojankatu 1, PO Box 181, 11101 Riihimäki, Finland;1. Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy;2. Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy;1. College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, PR China;2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning, 530004, PR China;1. Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, Mieres Polytechnic School, University of Oviedo, Campus Universitario de Mieres, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós S/N, 33600 Mieres, Spain;2. Department of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering. University of León, Campus de Ponferrada, Avda. de Astorga S/N, 24400 Ponferrada, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Pulp industry plays an important role in the structure of European economy and society. Paper pulp manufacture, the industrial utilization of plant biomass, is increasing every year. In Spain, Eucalyptus is the dominant raw material and the Kraft cooking and total chlorine free (TCF) bleaching processes lead the procedures of Eucalyptus paper pulp production. This paper aims to identify and quantify the environmental impacts associated to Eucalyptus TCF pulp manufacture by using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as an analytical tool. The system has been defined using a cradle-to-gate perspective, that is to say from forest activities to the exit gate of the pulp mill. The production of chemicals consumed in the cooking and bleaching stages as well as the on-site energy production system is the elements that contribute the most to all impact categories analyzed (more than 50% of total contributions), except for the eutrophication potential where forest activities and waste treatment play an important roles (about 52% of total). Specific actions associated to the recovery boiler, lime kiln and digestion stage could considerably reduce the environmental impact and improve the environmental performance of the Spanish paper pulp industry. |
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