藏东南察隅河上游流域大中型兽类动物资源现状和保护

从2001年8月到2002年8月对藏东南察隅河上游流域内的大中型兽类动物资源现状进行了野外调查,对其捕猎状况进行了社区调查。主要调查了灵长目、食肉目和偶蹄目共21种动物,确认了一物种分布新记录。调查发现,数量最多的是羚牛、鬣羚等偶蹄类动物,种类数量最多的是食肉类动物,但其数量稀少,有的可能已经灭绝。调查发现,捕猎是威胁当地野生大中型动物生存的最直接和最大的因素,另外,它们还受到林区人为活动和栖息地破坏等不利因素的威胁。论文把保护当地野生动物与发展当地经济结合起来考虑,并提出了6点保护建议。

Status and Conservation of Large and Medium-sized Mammals in the Upper Zayu River Basin

From August 2001 to August 2002,a one-year study was carried out in the upper Zayu River basin,southeast Tibet,where systematic investigations on mammals were lack.The purpose of the study was to clarify the status of large and medium-sized mammals and factors threatening them.Twenty transects(10m) were set to survey the distribution,habitat and relative density of these mammals.Questionnaires were issued to get to know income and hunting activities of the villagers in the region.Mainly,21 species belonging to the orders of Primate,Carnivore and Artiodactyl were involved in this survey.Among these mammals,black muntjac was proved to be distributed in the study area for the first time.It was found that ungulates,especially takin and serow,were relatively abundant,while most species belonging to Carnivore Order were very rare,and even several of them has been probably extinct.Large and medium-sized mammals distributing locally were also major trophies of local hunters,which amounted to 82% of all families,and were important source of income and meat.Hunting was the most direct factor threatening these mammals,which caused fast declining of many animals,especially musk deer and Asiatic black bear.Besides hunting,human activity and habitat destruction also impaired the survival of these mammals.Based on these and previous studies,29 species of large and medium mammals in all are distributed in the region,28 of which belong to Class I or Ⅱ protected species in China.It was suggested that protecting these animals should be combined with promoting local economy.For conservation and development,six suggestions were put forward to resolve the local problems.