中国环境载荷与环境减压分析

基于社会代谢的物质流核算和相关指标,构建了表征国家环境压力总量的本国环境载荷指标,并与经济总量结合得出环境效率指标,建立了指标的计算模型;对本国环境载荷进行了经济增长的反弹效应和效率提高的减量效应分解.对中国1990～2002年的本国环境载荷、环境效率和反弹与减量效应进行了实证研究.结果表明:我国经济的环境效率在研究期总体上以较高的速度增长,年均增长率为5.6%,表明本国环境压力实现了一定程度的相对减量;但这一时期经济增长的反弹效应比效率提高的减量效应大许多,导致环境载荷总量的较大幅度增加(年均增长率为3

China's Environmental Load and Environmental Depressurization Analysis

Based on material flow accounting and related indicators,an indicator,domestic environmental load,is formulated to measure the aggregate environmental pressure of a nation.Combining this indicator with the gross national product,an indicator for environmental efficiency is derived.The domestic environmental load is then decomposed into the rebound effect caused by economic growth and the depressurization effect induced by the efficiency increase. A case study was carried out for the Chinese economy to investigate its domestic environmental load,environmental efficiency and the rebound and depressurization effects.Results show that the environmental efficiency of the Chinese economy increased during the study period with an annual rate of 5.6%,indicating that a certain degree of depressurization was achieved.However,the rebound effect caused by economic growth was much greater than the depressurization effect induced by the efficiency increase,resulting in a considerable increase in the domestic environmental load(the annual growth rate was 3.8%).The Chinese economy is characterized by high environmental pressure and it is hard to achieve absolute depressurization.