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Solar photo-oxidation of recalcitrant industrial wastewater: a review |
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| Authors: | Tawfik Ahmed Alalm Mohamed Gar Awad Hanem M. Islam Muhammad Qyyum Muhammad Abdul Al-Muhtaseb Ala’a H. Osman Ahmed I. Lee Moonyong |
| Affiliation: | 1.Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt ;;2.Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt ;;3.Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada ;;4.Department Tanning Materials and Leather Technology and Regulatory Toxicology Lab, Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt ;;5.School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea ;;6.Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman ;;7.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK ; |
| Abstract: | Conventional methods to clean wastewater actually lead to incomplete treatments, calling for advanced technologies to degrade recalcitrant pollutants. Herein we review solar photo-oxidation to degrade the recalcitrant contaminants in industrial wastewater, with focus on photocatalysts, reactor design and the photo-Fenton process. We discuss limitations due to low visible-light absorption, catalyst collection and reusability, and production of toxic by-products. Photodegradation of refractory organics by solar light is controlled by pH, photocatalyst composition and bandgap, pollutant properties and concentration, irradiation type and intensity, catalyst loading, and the water matrix. |
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