Thermochemical conversion of municipal solid waste into energy and hydrogen: a review |
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Authors: | Nandhini Rajendran Berslin Don Sivaprakash Baskaran Rajamohan Natarajan Vo Dai-Viet N |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608002, India ;;2.Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, 311, Sohar, Oman ;;3.Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam ;;4.School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia ; |
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Abstract: | The rising global population is inducing a fast increase in the amount of municipal waste and, in turn, issues of rising cost and environmental pollution. Therefore, alternative treatments such as waste-to-energy should be developed in the context of the circular economy. Here, we review the conversion of municipal solid waste into energy using thermochemical methods such as gasification, combustion, pyrolysis and torrefaction. Energy yield depends on operating conditions and feedstock composition. For instance, torrefaction of municipal waste at 200 °C generates a heating value of 33.01 MJ/kg, while the co-pyrolysis of cereals and peanut waste yields a heating value of 31.44 MJ/kg at 540 °C. Gasification at 800 °C shows higher carbon conversion for plastics, of 94.48%, than for waste wood and grass pellets, of 70–75%. Integrating two or more thermochemical treatments is actually gaining high momentum due to higher energy yield. We also review reforming catalysts to enhance dihydrogen production, such as nickel on support materials such as CaTiO3, SrTiO3, BaTiO3, Al2O3, TiO3, MgO, ZrO2. Techno-economic analysis, sensitivity analysis and life cycle assessment are discussed. |
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