基于改进的SPAR-H化工实验室人因可靠性分析

近年来化工实验室事故屡禁不止,其中人的不安全行为是导致事故发生的主要原因。为评估实验人员可靠性,进一步管控化工实验室人的不安全行为,基于标准化工厂人因可靠性分析(SPAR-H)方法,结合化工实验室人因失误的特点,确定了更加适用于化工实验室的人因可靠性分析方法。首先依据“S-O-P”认知模型对人因失误类型进行划分;然后基于SPAR-H基本定义并结合化工实验室安全管理相关要求明确了性能影响因素(PSFs)水平确定标准;最后应用解释结构模型(ISM)确定不同失误类型对应的影响因素,并计算得到化工实验室人员实验过程中人因失误概率。结果表明:改进的SPAR-H方法评估流程与化工实验室人员实验操作情景相吻合,不仅能够量化人因失误的可能性,而且能够为化工实验室人的不安全行为管控制定针对性措施。

Human Reliability Analysis in Chemical Laboratory Based on Improved SPAR-H

In recent years,laboratory accidents have occurred frequently,and the unsafe behavior of people is the main reason for the accidents.In order to evaluate the reliability of laboratory personnel and control the unsafe behavior of chemical laboratory personnel,based on the Standardized Plant Analysis Risk-Human Reliability Analysis(SPAR-H)method combined with the characteristics of chemical laboratory human factor errors which is more suitable for chemical laboratory Human Reliability Analysis,firstly,this paper studies the types of human error based on the“SOP”cognitive model.Then,based on the basic definition of SPAR-H and related research on laboratory safety management the paper clarifies the standards for determining the level of Performance Shaping Factors(PSFs).Finally,the paper determines the relationship between influencing factors and different human error types by applying Interpretative Structural Modeling(ISM),and calculates the probability of human error in the experiment process of chemical laboratory personnel.The results show that the improved SPAR-H is consistent with personnel experiment operation scenarios and it can not only quantify the possibility of human factor errors,but also provide useful measures for the management of unsafe behaviors in chemical laboratory.