泥沙灾害和泥沙环境快速评估方法研究

泥沙灾害可以看作是泥沙环境突变或渐变积累到一定条件下发生变异时的表现形式，各类泥沙灾害和泥沙环境都具有不同的内涵和表现方面， 因此泥沙灾害和泥沙环境的评估应具有不同的对象。一旦研究的对象被确定，泥沙灾害的表现因子组合便可明确。类似地泥沙环境的环境变量和总体状况的指示怀变量也可确定。为了便于了解泥沙灾害和泥沙环境的关系，并提高评估效率，可将泥沙灾害和泥沙环境快速评估的参照组建立在能够包括影响二者表现特征的诸环境变量的最小图斑上，通过选取适当参照点，分类确定不同参照组，利用待评估地点孕灾环境因子（或环境变量）与不同参照组的相似分析。预测评估点的泥沙灾害和泥沙环境表现因子特征和动态过程.

Rapid assessment method for sediment-related environments and disasters

The assessment of sediments quality and sediment-induced disasters is of significance to environmental protection and disaster prevention and control. Many methods have been developed for various environmental, ecological and risk assessment, but few of them could be used for simultaneous assessment for sediment-related environments and disasters in large areas. In consideration that both sediment environments and sediment disasters could have different behaviors, the most important issue for the rapid assessment is the determination of the concerned objectives. Two kinds of factors were used to reflect the causes and the results, respectively. The independent environmental variables jointly determine the characteristics of the dependent variables, giving the interpretation to the dynamic variation of sediment environments and sediment disasters. The effects of human activities could be well distinguished from the complex variation of the observed status. Another feature of the suggested assessment method is its rapidness that is inherited from the rapid biological assessment method for waters. The map-spot could be used in connection with the cause-result analysis in the process of rapid assessment, which is not only good for using GIS to manage the reference spots and groups of different spots in different areas with different temporal and spatial scales, but also good for coupling of different processes.