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Ecological Monitoring for Assessing the State of the Nearshore and Open Waters of the Great Lakes |
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| Authors: | Melanie A Neilson D Scott Painter Glenn Warren Ronald A Hites Ilora Basu DV Chip Weseloh D Michael Whittle Gavin Christie Richard Barbiero Marc Tuchman Ora E Johannsson Thomas F Nalepa Thomas A Edsall Guy Fleischer Charles Bronte Stephen B Smith Paul C Baumann |
| Institution: | (1) Environmental Conservation Branch - Ontario Region, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada;(2) Great Lakes National Program Office, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, Illinois, USA;(3) Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana;(4) Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Burlington, ON, Canada;(5) Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Saline, Michigan, USA;(6) DynCorp, I &ET, Alexandria, Virginia, USA;(7) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;(8) Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;(9) National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, Washington, USA;(10) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA;(11) Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, USA;(12) Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, USA |
| Abstract: | The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement stipulates that the Governments of Canada and the United States are responsible for restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the waters of the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem. Due to varying mandates and areas of expertise, monitoring to assess progress towards this objective is conducted by a multitude of Canadian and U.S. federal and provincial/state agencies, in cooperation with academia and regional authorities. This paper highlights selected long-term monitoring programs and discusses a number of documented ecological changes that indicate the present state of the open and nearshore waters of the Great Lakes. |
| Keywords: | coordination ecosystem Great Lakes indicators monitoring |
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