国家重点生态功能区产业准入负面清单制度的现状、问题与优化建议

国家重点生态功能区对维护国家和区域生态安全至关重要，产业准入负面清单制度是促进区域国土空间布局优化、引导产业绿色发展的重要举措。本文分别选取了水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙、生物多样性维护不同类型国家重点生态功能区的案例区，深入开展产业准入负面清单制定的现状分析与问题识别。结果表明：现有产业准入负面清单以限制类为主且多为现有发展产业，禁止类产业较少且多为规划发展产业，在实施过程中仍存在与主体功能定位不符、区域协调性不足、实施困难大、缺乏动态跟踪管理等四方面问题。在此基础上，结合国家有关政策要求和不同区域主导功能定位，提出水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙、生物多样性维护四类重点生态功能区的通用性和差异性产业准入负面清单优化政策建议，为国家重点生态功能区保护与管理提供决策参考。

Current Situation, Problems and Optimization Suggestions of Negative List System for Industry Access in National Key Ecological Function Areas

National key ecological function areas are vital to maintaining national and regional ecological security, and the negative list system for industry access is an important measure to promote the optimization of regional territorial space layout and guide the green development of industries. This paper selects the case areas of different types of national key ecological function areas such as water conservation, soil and water conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, and biodiversity maintenance, and conducts an in-depth analysis of the current situation and main problems of the negative list of industry access in the implementation process. The results show that the types of industries in the current negative list of industry access are mainly restricted and mostly for existing development industries, while prohibited industries are few and mostly for planned development industries. In the implementation process, there are still four problems:inconsistency with the main function positioning, insufficient regional coordination, large implementation difficulties, and lack of dynamic tracking management. Then according to national policy requirements and the functional positioning of different types of regions, we propose general and differentiated optimization suggestions for the negative list of industry access in the four key ecological function areas, including water conservation, soil and water conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, and biodiversity maintenance, to provide decision-making reference for the protection and management of national key ecological function areas.