作物光温生产力模型及南方水稻适宜生长期的数值分析

发展了一个具有生物学基础的、兼具实用性和理论性的水稻生长模拟模型。它是在水肥适宜的条件下,以光、温因子模拟作物生长过程。其空间尺度是叶面水平的,时间尺度是逐时的,并且具有模拟冠层瞬时光合作用的能力。该模型由发育阶段、冠层光分布、冠层光合速率和叶面积指数增长等子模型组成。使用地理分期播种资料进行了检验,该模型可以解释在不同气候区域水稻干物质积累随生育期和播种期变化的９２５％～９５８％。使用常规气象资料,用数值方法研究了南京、长沙、广州和贵阳等地杂交水稻的气候生态适应性。模拟结果表明,贵阳气温低、生育期长,其中稻生育期内温度适中、光照较强,干物质生产力高。广州气温高,中稻、早稻生育期短,产量较低,因受低温的影响小,是晚稻的高产区。南京和长沙以在生长中后期能避开盛夏高温并能正常抽穗扬花的适播晚稻干物质产量较高

CROP PHOTO TEMPERATURE PRODUCTIVITY MODEL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF SUITABLE GROWTH SEASON OF RICE IN SOUTHERN CHINA

A biologically based model of both practical and theoretical significa nce was developed to simulate rice growth.On conditions with suitable water and fertilizers,the crop growth processes were simulated by considering solar radiat ion and temperature.Its spatial scale is leaf level,and temporal scale is hourly .The model can simulate instantaneous canopy photosynthesis.The model was valida ted using data from geographically sowing experiment.It is showed that the model can interpret 92 5%-95 8% of the changes of dry matter accumulation with d evelopmental stage and sowing date in different climatic areas.Using regular met eorological data,including solar radiation,we studied ecological acclimation of hybrid rice numerically in the north,middle,and south subtropical zones and Yunn an Guizhou Plateau.The result shows that Yunnan Guizhou Plateau is a high dry matter production area for middle rice,because of higher radiation,lower tempera ture and longer growth period.In the south of China,the early and middle rice is low productive,because of higher temperature and shorter growth period,but it i s a high productive area in late rice.Also in Changjiang River Valley,the suitab le sowed late rice has higher productivity provided the high temperature in summ er and low temperature in autumn in its middle and late period of growth can be avoided.