基于层次分析方法的核电火灾风险评估研究

核电火灾是现代消防安全的重要部分。依据核电厂的实际组成构造对其进行了层次划分,建立了由堆本体、一次冷却系统、化容控式系统堆安全系统、汽轮发电机组和燃料操作系统为中间层的核电火灾危险性评价指标体系。结合收集到的相关核电事故数据资料,运用层次分析法对核电厂各系统部位引发火灾造成的核电安全风险进行了评估,确定了各组分的统计权重,得到了针对核电厂各构造部位的火灾危险性层次评价模型。并利用评价打分的方法对核电厂进行调查模拟评价,计算出核电厂各组成部分消防安全状况的危险指数,所得结果比较符合核电火灾实际统计。

Fire risk evaluation on nuclear power plant based on the method of analytic hierarchy process

The fire of nuclear power plant is an important part of our modem fire safety. At first, the hierarchical classification of the nuclear power plant was conducted based on its actual structure, and the fire risk evaluation index system was established. Then, combining with nuclear accidents data collected, the fire risk assessment of nuclear power safety was presented using analytical hierarchy process. The statistical weight of each index was deter- mined, and fire risk assessment model for the nuclear power plant was obtained. Finally, the nuclear power plant was evaluated using scoring assessment method, and the risk indexes of nuclear power plants were calculated. The risk assessment results showed that the fire prevention of nuclear power plant should be focused on such parts as the fuel operating system, the cooling system and the turbine generators, which are much more in line with the actual statistics of the nuclear fires. At last some suggestions were given, which is of great importance for the work of fire prevention in nuclear power plant.