农业生态系统中杂草资源的可持续利用

杂草是农业生态系统中对农作物的生长和产量产生重要影响的伴生植物。杂草具有耐不良环境、生长快、繁殖力强等优良特性,是重要的生物资源。可利用杂草的优良基因作为农作物遗传改良的基因供体,利用其有用成分开发中医药,利用植物他感效应进行害虫生物防治,可开发成观赏植物,可作为先锋物种进行生态恢复、改良环境、促进养分循环、保护土壤微生物等。杂草的化学防除是导致杂草资源丧失的重要因素,寻找既利于杂草资源保护又不影响农作物生长的防除途径、杂草资源数据库的创建、杂草资源有益基因的发掘和开发利用,是杂草科学今后应加强的研究方向。

Sustainable utilization of weed diversity resources in agroecosystem

Weeds are accompanying plants that influence the growth and production of crops in agroecosystem.With the properties of high tolerance to adverse environment,fast growing and high reproduction,weeds become important biological resource and play an important role in ecological balance in agroecosystem.Weeds can provide germplasm for crop genetically modification,can be used to develop medicines and control insect pests,can be developed as ornamental plants,and can be used as pioneer plants to restore degraded environment,promote nutrient cycling and conserve soil biota diversity.Weeds control by chemicals is the major factor that leads to weed diversity decrease.It is suggested that seeking approaches that favor to weed species diversity conservation and have no adverse effect on the growth of young trees in young orchard,building up weed species data base and develop ing benefit genes from weeds are the foci for the further studies.