Thorough warm-up before take-off in honey bee swarms |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Thomas?D?SeeleyEmail author Marco?Kleinhenz Brigitte?Bujok Jürgen?Tautz |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA;(2) Lehrstuhl für Verhaltensphysiologie und Soziobiologie, Biozentrum der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | In a bivouacked swarm of honey bees, most individuals are quiescent while a small minority (the scouts) are active in choosing the swarm's future nest site. This study explores the way in which the members of a swarm warm their flight muscles for take-off when the swarm eventually decamps. An infrared camera was used to measure the thoracic (flight muscle) temperatures of individual bees on the surface of a swarm cluster. These are generally the coolest bees in a swarm. The warming of the surface-layer bees occurred mainly in the last 10 min before take-off. By the time a take-off began, 100% of the bees had their flight muscles heated to at least 35°C, which is sufficient to support rapid flight. Take-offs began only a few seconds after all the surface-layer bees had their flight muscles warmed to at least 35°C, but exactly how take-offs are triggered remains a mystery. |
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