用于地下水回灌的再生水预处理工艺研究

将再生水回灌到地下含水层前,需对再生水进行预处理,以防止污染地下水.本研究比较了5种不同的再生水深度处理技术(超滤、臭氧、磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX)及超滤和臭氧、MIEX和臭氧两套组合工艺)对城镇二级出水的净化效果,并通过分析5种工艺对含水层净化效果的影响,评价其作为回灌预处理的可行性.针对再生水中的有机污染物溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)及比吸光度(specific ultraviolet absorbance,SUVA),MIEX(投加量为5 mL.L-1)能够去除20%的DOC和10%的SUVA;UF对DOC的去除率低于10%,对SUVA无显著去除效果,单独UF和MIEX预处理对后续含水层对再生水DOC的去除无促进作用;与此不同,臭氧投加量(O3/DOC)为0.6 mg.mg-1]及其组合工艺对二级出水SUVA的去除率达60%～79%,能显著提高再生水的可生化性,强化土壤对回灌水中有机物的去除效果,使最终出水的DOC降低至1～2mg.L-1.针对再生水中的N素,MIEX(5 mL.L-1)能去除再生水中25%的NO3--N,臭氧能去除再生水中72%的NH4+-N.土壤处理能有效地去除NH4+-N,使出水浓度均在0.5 mg.L-1以下,但对NO3--N无显著去除效果.综合对比分析,在再生水回灌的预处理工艺中,需重点考察预处理对再生水中有机物和NO3--N的去除效果.臭氧和MIEX的组合工艺,能显著提高二级出水的可生化性,并去除部分溶解性有机物及NO3--N,与后续土壤处理具有较好的互补性,较适合用作地下回灌前处理工艺.

Study on the Advanced Pre-treatments of Reclaimed Water Used for Groundwater Recharge

To prevent groundwater contamination, pretreatments of reclaimed water are needed before the groundwater recharge. In this study, five treatments, including ultrafiltration (UF), ozonation, magnetic ion exchange (MIEX), UF coupled with ozonation and MIEX coupled with ozonation, were evaluated for their purification efficiencies of the reclaimed water and their influences on the following soil aquifer treatments. For organic matters in the secondary effluents, identified as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), 20% DOC and 10% SUVA are removed by MIEX treatment with dose of 5 mL·L^-1, while only 10% DOC and no SUVA are removed by UF, but neither of these two pretreatments enhance the purification of soil aquifer treatments. Differently, SUVA of the secondary effluents are removed by 60%-79% by ozonation alone or coupled with UF/MIEX, increasing the biodegradability of the reclaimed water. These pretreatments significantly enhance the removal of organic matters by the following soil aquifer with DOC in the final effluents reducing to 1-2 mg·L^-1. For nitrogen, MIEX can remove 25% NO₃^--N, and ozonation can remove 72% NH₄⁺-N. The soil aquifer treatment could efficiently remove NH₄⁺-N to below 0.5 mg·L^-1, while no obvious removal is detected for NO₃^--N. In conclusion, more attentions should be paid to the organic matters and NO₃^--N during the pretreatments of reclaimed water. Among all the pretreatments tested here, ozonation coupled with MIEX is capable of increasing the biodegradability of the reclaimed water and removing NO₃^--N, which is a good choice for the pretreatment of groundwater recharge.