不同耕作措施对旱作夏玉米田土壤呼吸及根呼吸的影响

为了探明不同耕作措施对旱作夏玉米田土壤呼吸及根呼吸的影响,采用定位试验,对比研究了深松耕(ST)、免耕(NT)、旋耕(RT)和翻耕(CT)这4种耕作方式下土壤呼吸速率的动态变化特征;并利用根去除法研究了根呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献.结果表明,夏玉米生长季,4种耕作方式下土壤呼吸速率随生育期均呈单峰型变化趋势,在抽雄期达到最大,各生育期土壤呼吸速率大小顺序依次表现为:抽雄期开花期灌浆期成熟期拔节期苗期.不同耕作措施对平均土壤呼吸速率的影响表现为CTSTRTNT;土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度的相关系数达到显著性水平(P0.05),不同耕作措施下5 cm地温可以解释土壤呼吸速率变异的35%~75%.而土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分的相关系数却未达到显著性水平.夏玉米生长季中,不同耕作措施下根呼吸作用占土壤呼吸作用的比例在45.13%~56.86%之间波动,均值为51.72%.因此,利用根去除法可以用来了解作物生长对土壤碳排放的贡献及比较不同耕作措施对根系呼吸贡献的影响,从而为筛选出减缓农田土壤有机碳分解的耕作措施提供依据.

Effects of Tillage on Soil Respiration and Root Respiration Under Rain-Fed Summer Corn Field

To explore the effects of different tillage systems on soil respiration and root respiration under rain-fed condition. Based on a short-term experiment, this paper investigated soil respiration in summer corn growth season under four tillage treatments including sub-soiling tillage (ST), no tillage (NT), rotary tillage (RT) and moldboard plow tillage (CT). The contribution of root respiration using root exclusion method was also discussed. The results showed that soil respiration rate presented a single peak trend under four tillage methods during the summer corn growing season, and the maximum value was recorded at the heading stage. The trends of soil respiration were as follows: heading stage >flowering stage >grain filling stage >maturity stage >jointing stage >seedling stage. The trends of soil respiration under different tillage systems were as follows: CT >ST >RT >NT.There was a significant correlation between soil respiration rate and soil temperatures (P<0.05), which could explain 35%-75% variability of soil respiration using exponential function equation. However, there was no significant correlation between soil respiration rate and soil moisture. Root respiration accounted for 45.13%-56.86% of the proportion of soil respiratio n with the mean value 51.72% during the summer corn growing season under different tillage systems. Therefore, root exclusion method could be used to study the contribution of crop growth to carbon emission, to compare effects of different tillage systems on the contribution of root respiration provides the bases for selecting the measures to slow down the decomposition of soil carbon.