山区农户兼业程度对耕地撂荒的影响研究——以武陵山区为例

武陵山区农户兼业现象普遍,对耕地种植和撂荒等土地利用活动影响深刻.基于武陵山区的酉阳、武隆和沿河3个区县551份实地调查问卷数据,运用Tobit分析法和Logistic分析法,分析农户兼业程度对耕地撂荒的影响,并进一步按农户生计类型和非农收入占比将农户分为4种类型,探讨不同兼业类型农户的撂荒特点及其影响因素.结果表明:(1)研究区农户兼业现象普遍,兼业农户占到了总农户的75.14％;(2)山区耕地撂荒现象严重,各类农户中撂荒户占比均在40％以上,其中I兼户最高,Ⅱ兼户次之;(3)农户兼业会加剧耕地尤其是旱地的撂荒,农户兼业程度越高,耕地撂荒的可能性越大,但是农户兼业对水田撂荒的影响不显著;(4)兼业带来的非农收入的增加对农户的耕地撂荒产生了显著的正向影响,但不同兼业类型农户非农收入对耕地撂荒的影响程度不同,随着农户兼业程度的增加,耕地撂荒扩展的速度越快;(5)兼业也改变了其他因素对耕地撂荒的影响,使得不同兼业类型农户耕地撂荒的影响因素存在差异.根据研究结论,提出了对应的政策建议来引导农户合理利用耕地.

Study on Effect of Farmers’ Concurrent Business Degree on Cropland Abandonment in Mountainous Area: A Case Study in Wuling Mountain Area

The phenomenon of farmers concurrent business is widespread in Wuling Mountain Area, which has a profound impact on land use activities such as cropland planting and abandonment. Based on the 551 household survey data in Youyang, Wulong and Yanhe counties in Wuling Mountain Area, Tobit analysis and Logistic analysis are used to discuss the effect of farmers' concurrent business degree on cropland abandonment, furtherly households are divided into four types according to their livelihood types and non-agricultural income proportion, and then the characteristics and influencing factor of cropland abandonment of different types of concurrent business farmers are discussed. The result shows that: (1) The phenomenon of farmers' concurrent business is widespread in the study area, and the proportion of concurrent business farmers accounts for 75.14%. (2) Cropland abandonment in mountainous areas is serious. The proportion of households abandoning cropland is more than 40% for each type of rural households, and type I has the most farmland abandoned, followed by type II household. (3) Concurrent business will aggravate cropland especially dry land abandonment, the higher the degree of concurrent business, the greater the possibility of cropland abandonment. However, the effect of concurrent business on paddy field abandonment is not significant. (4) The increase of non-agricultural income brought by concurrent business has a significant positive impact on cropland abandonment, but the affected degrees of different types of concurrent farmers are different, and the increase of concurrent business degree will speed up the expansion of cropland abandonment. (5) Concurrent business also changed the impacts of other factors on cropland abandonment, resulting in a different effect of the influencing factors on cropland abandonment between different types of concurrent farmers. According to the research conclusion, differential policies have been proposed to guide farmers' farmland utilization.