湖北省湖库洪水调蓄能力及其空间分异特征

湖泊是抵御湖区水系洪水灾害的天然屏障，而水库是现代防洪工程体系的重要组成部分，两者共同肩负着防洪减灾的重任。为探明湖北省湖库洪水调蓄能力，选取湖泊可调蓄水量、水库防洪库容作为评估指标，通过构建湖库洪水调蓄能力评估模型，分析全省湖库洪水调蓄能力及空间分异特征。结论如下：（1）湖北省湖泊、水库综合洪水调蓄量为416.02×108m3，其中湖泊可调蓄水量为79.69×108m3，水库防洪库容为336.33×108m3，分别占湖库洪水调蓄功能总量的19.16%和80.84%;（2）湖泊可调蓄水量较大的地区包括武汉、荆州、鄂州、黄石等地市以及鄂东丘陵、江汉平原，而单位面积湖泊调蓄洪水能力较强的地区为鄂州、黄石、咸宁、黄冈，其值分别为405.99×104、400.31×104、392.32×104和391.22×104m3/km2;（3）水库防洪库容较大的地区主要为鄂西山地的宜昌和十堰，分别为119.18×108m3和 103.03×108m3，占全省防洪库容总量的66.06%，而鄂州、天门和神农架水库防洪库容极小，不足全省水库总防洪库容的1%;（4）湖库综合调蓄能力空间分布特征与水库洪水调蓄能力空间分布相一致；从湖泊、水库洪水调蓄能力的构成来看，以湖泊防洪为主和以水库防洪为主的地市不相上下，水库在湖北省防洪体系中占绝对主体地位，同时湖泊也发挥着不可或缺的作用。针对湖泊萎缩、水库险病等突出问题，可以通过退田还湖、除险加固等工作提高湖库综合调洪能力。本研究可为湖北省湖库防洪建设提供科学指导。 关键词： 湖泊；水库；洪水调蓄功能；空间分异；湖北省

Spatial Differentiation of Flood Regulation Service of Lakes and Reservoirs in Hubei Province

Lakes are natural buffers against flood disasters, and reservoirs are an important part of the modern flood control system. They work together to play an important role in flood control and disaster reduction. This paper selected the indexes of adjustable storage capacity and flood storage capacity for lakes and reservoirs, respectively, and built the flood storage capacity evaluation model to evaluate the flood control and storage capacities of lakes and reservoirs in Hubei Province, and analyze their spatial distribution patterns. The results are as follows:（1）The total flood regulation service of lakes and reservoirs is 416.02×108m3 in Hubei Province. The adjustable storage capacity of lakes is 79.69×108m3 and the flood control capacity of reservoirs is 336.33×108m3, contributing 19.16% and 80.84% of the total flood control capacity, respectively.（2）As for the flood storage capacity of lakes, the area with higher total capacities include Wuhan, Jingzhou, Ezhou, Huangshi, mountain regions of eastern Hubei and Jianghan Plain. While the per unit flood storage capacities of Ezhou, Huangshi, Xianning and Huanggang is higher, with the value of 405.99×104、400.31×104、392.32×104 and 391.22×104m3/km2, respectively.（3）As for the flood storage capacity of reservoirs, the value of Yichang and Shiyan, located hilly regions of western Hubei, is 119.18×108m3 and 103.03×108m3, respectively, accounting for 66.06% of the total reservoir flood storage capacity in Hubei Province. While Ezhou, Tianmen and Shennongjia only contributes less than 1% of the total reservoir flood storage capacity.（4）The spatial distribution of total flood regulation service of lakes and reservoirs is consistent with that of flood storage capacity of reservoirs. When the composition of flood regulation service of lakes and reservoirs is considered, the amount of cities dominated by flood regulation service of lakes and reservoirs are similar. While the reservoirs play the dominant role in the flood control system of Hubei province, the role of lakes are also indispensable. In response to the problem of lake shrinking and reservoir disease spreading, the measures of returning farmland to lake and renovating and reinforcing reservoirs, as well as other effective measures that can improve flood regulation service, should be implemented. This study can provide scientific guidance for flood control construction of lakes and reservoirs in Hubei Province. Key words：lakes; reservoirs; flood regulation service; spatial differentiation; Hubei Province