Environmental and socio-economic impacts of pipe drainage in Pakistan |
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Authors: | Abdul Razzaq Ghumman Yousry Mahmoud Ghazaw Hashim Nisar Hashmi Mumtaz Ahmed Kamal Muhammed Farooq Niazi |
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Institution: | (1) UET Taxila and Mona Reclamation Experimental Project, WAPDA, Bhalwal, Pakistan;(2) Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UET Taxila, Rawalpindi, Pakistan;(3) Alterra-ILRI, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; |
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Abstract: | Many drainage schemes and salinity control projects have been executed world wide. Pipe drainage has widely been used in Pakistan,
Egypt and India to control waterlogging. The impact of pipe drainage on land and water was evaluated in this paper using data
of three pipe drainage projects in Pakistan namely Khushab Salinity Control and Reclamation Project, Fourth Drainage Project
in Faisalabad and Swabi Salinity Control and Reclamation Project. Data by regular monitoring of these projects were collected.
The effect of pipe drainage on water table depth at these three locations has been compared. Water quality and soil salinity
improvement due to the pipe drainage has also been investigated. Data, related to water table depths and discharges from drain
pipes/wells, was collected. Observation wells, installed at various places by the Water and Power Development Authority, were
used for collection of this data. To evaluate the impact of the projects on salinity, soil samples from all the three locations
were tested. A questionnaire was prepared to get the view of the people about the projects. It was revealed that in these
areas, due to subsurface pipe drainage, the percentage of the abandoned land has been considerably decreased. Over drainage
was observed in a few places of the projects. The farmers at such places were asked to change their cropping patterns. Ultimately,
there has been an increase in area under cultivation, crop yields and cropping intensity in the projects’ area. |
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