Dynamics and quantification of dissolved heavy metals in the Mahanadi river estuarine system,India |
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Authors: | Sanjay Kumar Sundaray Binod Bihari Nayak Tapan Kumar Kanungo Dinabandhu Bhatta |
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Institution: | 1.Institute of Oceanography,National Taiwan University,Taipei,Taiwan;2.Department of Chemistry,S.C.S. (Autonomous) College,Puri,India;3.Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology,Bhubaneswar,India;4.Department of Chemistry,Utkal University,Bhubaneswar,India |
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Abstract: | Dynamics of heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, and Cd in surface water of Mahanadi River estuarine systems
were studied taking 31 different stations and three different seasons. This study demonstrates that the elemental concentrations
are extremely variable and most of them are higher than the World river average. Among the heavy metals, iron is present at
highest concentration while cadmium is at the least. The spatial pattern of heavy metals suggests that their anthropogenic
sources are possibly from two major fertilizer plants and municipal sewage from three major towns as well as agricultural
runoff. The temporal variations for metals like Fe, Cu, and Pb exhibit higher values during the monsoon season, which are
related to agricultural runoff. Concentrations of Ni, Pb, and Cd exceed the maximum permissible limits of surface water quality
in some polluted stations and pose health risks. Dissolved heavy metals like Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, and Pb exhibit a non-conservative
behavior during estuarine mixing, while Zn, Cu, and Co distribution is conservative. Distribution of cadmium in the estuarine
region indicates some mobilization which may be due to desorption. The enrichment ratio data suggest that various industrial
wastes and municipal wastes contribute most of the dissolved metals in the Mahanadi River. The Mahanadi River transports 18.216
× 103 t of total heavy metals into the Bay of Bengal and the calculated rate of erosion in the basin is 128.645 kg km − 2 year − 1. |
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