石油储罐油气蒸发损耗的成因、危害及对策

油气蒸发威胁安全，蒸发的油蒸气易引发爆炸，从而导致油罐爆炸着火。油蒸气是气相烃类，属有毒物品，漂浮地面易致人窒息。油蒸气还易形成光化学烟雾的二次污染物。由于油蒸气的蒸发损耗，全世界每年散失于大气中的油气约为１×１０８吨，折合人民币２４００亿元。因其所蒸发的都是油料中的最轻组分且油气蒸发还严重影响成品油质量。笔者分析了油气蒸发损耗的危害、产生原因及各种影响因素，并提出了降低油气蒸发损耗的对策

Cause of Formation of the Loss Due to Oil Vaporization from Oil Tank,Its Hazardous Effects and Countermeasures

Vaporizaqtion of the oil gases threatens safety. The vaporized oil gases are easy to induce explosion, and so to induce fire in the tank area. The gases are gascous hydrocarbons. They are toxic when floating on the ground to cause suffocation. They are also easy to form smog. Worldwidely,about 1×10 8T/yr,oil gases are vaporized and dispecrsed into the atmosphere, cost about RMB 240 billion. Since the vaporized fractions are the lightest ones, the quality of the product oil will be damaged also. The cause of formation of the loss due to oil vaporization, its hazardous effects and various influential factors are analyzed, and countermeasures for reducing this loss are put forward.