经济与环境综合约束下的青岛市产业结构调整研究

针对青岛市海洋环境污染控制急需转变产业结构的重大需求,从海洋环境容量优化配置的角度出发,通过建立多目标非线性规划模型,估算2015年青岛市居民生活、农业、工业、服务业四大污染源的化学需氧量(COD)的最大允许排放量,进而得到优化的产业结构.结果表明,相比2007年,2015年青岛全市及胶州湾、莱州湾和黄海3个污染源区的COD最大允许排放量和增加值分别增大1.4~2.3倍和2.3~16.2倍.2015年,青岛全市居民生活、农业、工业、服务业的COD最大允许排放量分别为11.6×104,20.4×104,18.4×104,17.1×104t,而且四大污染源COD最大允许排放量所占比例呈现居民生活源和农业源下降,工业源和服务业源上升的变化趋势.在优化的最大允许排放量比例下,第一、二、三产业的增加值比例由“二三一”型转变为“三二一”型;同时,重污染的居民生活源和农业源的COD排放强度减小,全市及三个污染源区的环境基尼系数都降至“0.4”警戒线以下.说明经过模型优化,可在满足环境约束的同时,获得经济的增长,并且产业结构和排污结构均趋于合理化,结果可为青岛市产业结构调整提供借鉴.

Industrial structure adjustment of Qingdao under the comprehensive constraint of economy and environment

Qingdao is in need of industrial structure adjustment to control ocean pollution. Thus, the industrial structure of this city was optimized by calculating the maximum permitted chemical oxygen demand (COD) discharging amounts from households, agriculture, industries, and services in 2015 with the use of a multi-purpose nonlinear programming model. Results indicate that the maximum permitted COD discharging amount and gross domestic product (GDP) of the whole city and three pollutant-discharging districts (i.e., Jiaozhou Bay, Laizhou Bay, and Huanghai Sea) in 2015 increased by 1.4times to 2.3times and by 2.3times to 16.2times, respectively. The maximum permitted COD discharging amount of households, agriculture, industries, and services in Qingdao and the three pollutant-discharging districts were 11.6 × 104, 20.4 × 104, 18.4 × 104, and 17.1 × 104 tons, respectively. The percentage of maximum permitted COD discharging amount of the four industries showed that the household and agriculture percentages decreased, whereas those of industry and service increased. Under the optimized proportion of maximum permitted discharging amount of pollutants, the service GDP of Qingdao, rather than the industry GDP, comprised the largest proportion of total GDP. The COD pollution intensity of households and agriculture decreased. The Gini coefficients of the whole city and the three pollutant- discharging districts were below the warning value of 0.4. The above results suggested that the coordination of economic development and environmental regulation could be achieved by using the proposed model, which provided a basis for the industrial structure adjustment in Qingdao.