水工学的发展趋势——从传统水工学到生态水工学

我国水资源时空分布不均，水污染与水土流失问题突出，仅靠传统水工学的开发与利用不足以解决这些问题，且会给流域生态环境带来不利影响，因此传统水工学的变革是必然的。从解决问题的基本思路出发，将传统水工学与生态水工学的基本理论、研究范围等各方面加以比较，指出在坚持人与自然和谐共处的前提下，坚持可持续发展，遵循生态系统自组织、自修复原理，重视流域整体性，坚持保护生物多样性，并做到较好的亲水性，可以形成完善的生态水工学基本原理。以生态水工学基本原理指导流域开发利用将会取得较好效果，同时,流域生态系统健康诊断、生态水工建筑物设计与管理以及流域受损生态系统的生态恢复与重建应是生态水工学的主要研究方向。

DEVELOPMENT TREND OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING---TRANSFORMATION FROM TRADITIONAL HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING TO ECO-HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

Traditional hydraulic engineering has some deficiencies such as the ignorance of integrality and ecological function of the watershed,resulting in unavoidable negative effects on the watershed ecosystem and the sustainable development of resources.Therefore,the concept of eco-hydraulic engineering is proposed.With basic thoughts to resolve the problem and to achieve harmonious co-existence of human and nature,we should insist on sustainable development,keep self-organization and self-restoration of ecosystem,attach importance to the integrality of watershed,preserve the diversity of biology,and maintain water accessibility;thus we can construct the basic principles of eco-hydraulic engineering.Moreover,the health check of the watershed ecosystem,design and management of the eco-hydraulic structures,and ecological restoration and reestablishment of damaged watershed ecosystem are the main research aspects for the construction of eco-hydraulic engineering.