组织残留法在水生生物基准中的应用概述

水生生物基准已成为生态风险评价和水环境管理的主要参考依据,在水污染治理、控制和管理以及水生生物保护方面发挥着重要作用。环境和生物学参数对基于水体或沉积物等外暴露浓度的毒性阈值和环境基准存在影响,使其具有变异性和不确定性。而基于组织残留的毒性剂量指标可以减少毒性值的变异性以及不确定性,特别是对于生物累积性物质而言,在毒性效应及环境基准研究中存在显著优势。针对组织残留法在水生生物基准研究中的应用,对组织残留法的概念、优势、应用,以及组织残留基准的推导方法等几个方面进行了综述,并提出了组织残留法在应用中存在的关键问题及建议,旨在推动环境基准、生态风险评价理论和方法的研究,以及为水环境管理和污染防治提供技术支持。

Application of tissue residue approach in aquatic life criteria

Aquatic life criteria have been a significant basis for ecological risk assessment and water environmental management, playing an important role in treatment, control and management of water pollution. The toxicity thresholds and environmental criteria based on concentration of chemical in water or sediment are always influenced by environmental and biological parameters, resulting in uncertainty and variability. However, tissue-based toxicity dose metrics can reduce the uncertainty and variability, and have distinct advantages in toxicity effects and environmental criteria of chemicals, especially of the bioaccumulative chemicals. This article deals with the applications of tissue residue approach in derivation of aquatic life criteria, and gives a detailed review on the concept, advantage, application of tissue residue approach, and methodologies for deriving tissue residue criteria. The application issues of tissue residue approach and recommendations are suggested. This will promote the research of theories and methodologies of environmental criteria and ecological risk assessment, and provide technical support to control and management of water pollution.