粮食补贴政策与农户非农就业行为研究

粮食补贴政策旨在提高农民种粮积极性,促进粮食增产和农民增收,随着国家粮食补贴资金投入力度的逐年加大,农民种粮积极性不断提高,家庭劳动时间分配很可能因此而产生调整。本文首先通过构建嵌入粮食补贴政策的农户劳动分配决策行为模型,理论分析粮食补贴政策对农户非农就业行为的影响,然后基于粮食主产区安徽省农户的实地调查数据,采用Tobit模型分析方法,实证分析粮食补贴政策对农户非农劳动时间供给的影响。研究结果显示:粮食补贴政策对农户非农劳动时间供给具有显著的负面影响,一定程度上有助于调动农民从事农业和粮食生产的积极性;然而,在农业内部工资率低于非农均衡工资率的情况下,这种由粮食补贴政策诱发的农户劳动就业行为变化对家庭经济收入的负面影响将超过当前的转移支付水平;若粮食补贴政策旨在稳定或增加农民收入,那么当前的补贴政策需要进行根本性调整。

Study On the Relationship Between Grain Subsidy Policies and Farmer’s Behavior of Non-agricultural Employment

Grain subsidy policies aimed at improving farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain and increasing grain production and family income.With increasing the inputs of grain subsidy year after year,greatly improving farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain and the allocation of family labor time is likely to be adjusted.This paper firstly constructs theoretical model of farmers’ behavior in allocating labor time with grain subsidy embedded in to analyze the impact of grain subsidy policies on farmer’s behavior of non-agricultural employment.Then using Tobit model and household survey data in Anhui Province,the paper empirically studies the impacts of grain subsidy policies on family off-farm labor supply.The results show that grain subsidy policies have significant negative effect on family off-farm labor supply;to some extent,it thus helps to improve famers’ enthusiasm for engaging in agriculture and food production.However,in the case of agricultural internal wage lower than the non-agricultural equilibrium wage,the negative effect on family income induced by the change of subsidy policies on farmer’s behavior of employment will exceed the current level of transfer payments.If the grain subsidy policies designed to stabilize or increase farmers’ income,thus the current subsidy policies require fundamental adjustment.