事故树-风险矩阵评估高校实验室火灾风险

为了使高校实验室安全管理科学化、精准化,应用事故树-风险矩阵法进行风险评估。首先采用事故树法对实验室火灾事故进行分析,得出导致事故发生的基本事件,然后依照事故致因理论,得出事故隐患三级原因,采用层次分析法对事故发生的频率和后果严重度及安全措施补偿系数的等级赋值,得到四级风险矩阵模型,对基本事件调查并由专家评估得出其风险值。评估结果表明导致实验室火灾事故的主要原因为:燃烧反应失控、加热、人员消防素质、操作不当、实验室管理水平、火灾报警系统缺陷、电气火花、灭火材料不足、消防系统缺陷、木制品、反应放热、存放不当。根据基本事件风险值高低针对性采取相应预防措施可以一定程度上提升实验室安全管理水平。

Fire Risk Evaluation of the Laboratory in Colleges and Universities based on Fault Tree Analysis and Risk Matrix

In order to make the safety management of laboratories to be scientific and effective, it is necessary to implement fire risk evaluation in colleges and universities using fault tree and risk matrix method. First,the basic events resulting in accidents were obtained through analyzing fire accidents occurred in laboratory with fault tree analysis method. Second, the three level causes of the hidden dangers of accident were founded according to accident-causing theory. Then, a four-level risk matrix model was deduced through assignment of accident frequency, accident severity and safety compensating coefficient of each level by analytic hierarchy process method. Last, risk values were given based on investigation and assessment of the basic events by the experts. The results showed that the main reasons for fire accident of laboratories included combustion reaction, heating process, personnel quality in fire protection, management level, fire alarm, electrical sparks,fire extinguishing materials, fire protect system, wood products, reaction exothermic, and improper storage. The level of safety management of laboratory in colleges and universities can be improved taking corresponding preventive measures according to the basic events risk value to some extent.