Sampling and chemical analysis of ice crystals as a function of size |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;2. Huzhou Institue of Zhejiang University, Huzhou 313000, China;1. University of Bremen, Faculty of Production Engineering, Badgasteiner Straße 1, Bremen 28359, Germany;2. Leibniz Institute for Materials Engineering IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, Bremen 28359, Germany;1. Aerosol and Air Quality Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;2. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland;3. LISA Université Paris Est, Diderot, Créteil 7583, France |
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| Abstract: | Size-classified ice crystal samples were collected during the Spring of 1998, at the Jungfraujoch High-Alpine Research Station (3454 m), located in Switzerland. A procedure modified from the Guttalgor method, originally developed for size-selective sampling of raindrops by Bächmann et al. (Atmos. Environ. 26A (1992) 1795) was used to sample ice crystals during precipitation events. The size-classified ice crystal samples were analyzed using ion chromatography to determine the concentrations of Na+, NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl?, NO3?, and SO42? in each size class. For ions associated with coarse mode aerosol, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl?, concentration increased with decreasing ice crystal size, suggesting scavenging by nucleation. For the remaining ions, mixed behavior was observed suggesting a combination of gas phase scavenging and scavenging via riming. |
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