从“人”与“机”关系看机械企业事故的预防

首先,分析"以机器为本"和"以人为本"的两种设计思想,指出设计过程的各个阶段都要高度重视"以人为本"并对该理念加以应用;其次,通过大量的文献资料查阅和对多家机械企业的实地事故情况调查,总结出多家机械企业几年来发生的24项事故,23项不良设计和11项良好设计,从工业设计专业以及人机工程学角度对其进行了过程总结、基本原因分析,提出"以机器为本"的设计思想是许多工业产品设计不良的根本原因,而工业产品设计不良或者工作环境设计不佳则导致多种事故的发生,因此,"以人为本"的设计思想必须深入到产品设计的全过程中,以创造出无危险的安全技术保障;最后,笔者再次强调,企业的安全生产和事故控制,必须坚持"以人为本"的基本策略和理论,同时呼吁社会各界要对"以人为本"的设计思想充分理解并加以应用,共创安全的和谐社会。

Discussion of Accident Prevention Based on Design Ideology of Human and Machine

This paper firstly analyzed the two kinds of design ideology of "machine-oriented" and "human-oriented",and pointed out that the latter should be strengthened and applied to every stage of the design.Then,by referring to many literatures and field investigation of accidents occurring in many mechnical enterprises,24 accidents,23 bad designs and 11 good designs were chosen as the analysis samples.Study on these samples from ergonomics shows that "machine-oriented" ideology is the basic and fundamental reason for many bad designs of products that cause many kinds of accidents.As a result,"human-centered" ideology must be advocated and penetrated in the whole production process to create a safety guard.Finally,the paper appeals to the whole society to strength the application of "human-centered" ideology so as to create a harmonious society.