上行过鱼设施过鱼效果监测研究进展

过鱼设施过鱼效果监测评估可为设计的优化、功能完善及运行管理提供参考依据。通过文献调研、区域性资料收集等方式对国内外上行过鱼设施监测研究与评价状况进行全面的梳理，总结了当前监测研究的技术指标、方法及发展状况。欧美国家在1960s至1980s启动了上行过鱼效果的系统监测评价工作。围绕鱼道有效性和过鱼效率两个指标，采用直接法和间接法进行相关监测研究。指标与方法因河流纬度、鱼类区系、设施类型以及国家（区域性）法律法规等方面的差异，呈现区域性特征和属地化发展。国内过鱼效果监测研究目前处于起步阶段，随着国内大批过鱼设施建设的完成，过鱼效果将成为关注的重点。国外成果可为国内的相关工作提供参考和借鉴，但需根据国内外河流鱼类区系，设施运行条件、工作积累等多方面的差异，制定适宜的监测评价目标与方案。

Review on Monitoring and Evaluating of Fish Passage Facilities for Upper Migration

Fish passage facilities have been designed and developed to enable fish to pass the barriers for up / downstream migration. The performance monitoring and evaluation of those facilities post the constructions are essential for the functional verifications, design improvements, and management benefits. This study reviewed the performance studies of fish passage facilities for upstream migration, from which the evaluation principles, methods for monitoring and regional technical standards were concluded. The scientific monitoring and evaluation of fish passage in North American, Australia and European was separately initialized from 1960s to 1980s, and boomed since 2000s. Both fish passage effectiveness and passage efficiency are separately used for a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the performance of fish passage facilities. The existing monitoring methods, roughly classified as capture dependent and capture independent, are frequently used for such performance evaluation, depending on the purpose and availabilities and limitations of given methods. Moreover, due to the variations in geographical feature of river, structure of fish passage facilities, target species considerations as well as the requirements from the regional laws and technical standards, the focus of approach and evaluation criteria varied significantly in geographic region. Currently, experts from North American frequently specialized in the passage efficiency evaluation and using the advanced capture independent methods while experts from European frequently specialized in the effectiveness evaluation using both capture dependent and traditional capture independent methods. Fish passage monitoring and evaluation in China began in 1970s, yet suspended between 1980s and 2000s, as results of the argumentations over mitigation options. Such studies rebooted because of the efforts of restoring fish populations with fish passage facilities from 2000s. As a consequence of construction boom of dam and fish passage facilities in China, the performances of such passage facilities will be a primary point of concern. Development of regional monitoring and evaluation criterions in China is urgently required. Those monitoring and evaluation are capable of drawing lessons from other countries. However, variations of geographical feature of river, structure of fish passage and consideration of target species must be recognized in China, comparing to those elsewhere.