应急管理与安全科学的关系

为了辨识安全科学能够为解决应急管理重大实践问题所提供的学理支撑,本文首先从突发事件和管理两个维度剖析了应急管理的基本内涵,然后基于学科基本概念和基础理论分析了安全科学学科的当前局限及其与应急管理的内在联系,最后从巩固自身现有基础和应对相关新兴学科挑战两方面总结了推动安全科学学科发展的基础性工作,指明了在既有安全科学学科体系架构下建设应急管理学科的现实途径。研究表明,实现全主体、全灾种、全过程统合管理是应急管理的理想状态。目前,安全科学学科所研究的安全主要是生产安全,可以为应急管理提供的理论支撑集中在事故灾难类突发事件孕育发生演化的机理规律。澄清基本概念、夯实通用基础理论、调整学科体系架构是安全科学应对挑战健康发展的基础性工作。在安全科学的公共安全二级学科中设立应急管理三级学科,是应急管理学科建设发展的可行初始路径。

Relationship between Emergency Management and Safety Science

In order to identify the theoretical supports from safety science to solve the significant problems in emergency management practice,in this paper,the intension of emergency management was discussed from the viewpoints of emergency and management respectively,and then the current limitation of the discipline of safety science was analyzed from the perspectives of its basic concept and theoretical foundation,the inherent relationship between safety science and emergency management was consequently depicted,and finally the practical way to promote the steady development of safety science,as well as the way to raise the discipline of emergency management under the discipline system structure of safety science was summarized.As shown in this paper,the pattern of unified all-subjects,all-hazards and all-stages management is the ideal condition for emergency management.Safety,as defined in the current discipline of safety science,is only work safety.The possible theoretical supports from safety science for emergency management are the occurring and evolving mechanisms about work safety accidents.The fundamental work to advance steadily the discipline of safety science is to clarify the basic concepts,to solidify the common fundamental theories and to adjust the discipline system structure.One feasible way to foster the discipline of emergency management may be to establish emergency management as a third-level discipline under the second-level discipline called public safety in the discipline system structure of safety science.