建筑施工起重机械事故一线作业人员不安全动作规律研究

为有效预防建筑施工起重机械事故,笔者将建筑起重机械一线作业人员按工种分为设备驾驶员、现场施工人员、安拆维修工和信号司索工4种。以行为安全“2-4”模型作为分析工具,对70起建筑施工起重机械事故样本中各类人员不安全动作进行分析。结果表明:建筑施工起重机械事故一线作业人员发出不安全动作196次,其中设备驾驶员发出不安全动作29次,占比41.43%,安拆维修工、信号司索工、现场施工人员分别发出不安全动作18、14和9次,占比分别为25.71%、20%和12.86%。一线作业人员常见的不安全动作是擅自拆除或起吊、未佩戴劳动防护用品、作业现场环境误判断、违反安全操作规程、资质不足作业,其中资质不足作业、违反安全操作规程和作业现场环境误判断发生频次最高。

Research on Unsafe Action Law of Front-line Operators in Building Construction Crane

In order to effectively prevent construction crane accidents,in this paper,the front-line operators of construction crane were classified into four types:equipment drivers,on-site constructors,installation and maintenance workers,and signal handlers.Using the 24 model theory of behavioral safety as an analysis tool,the unsafe actions of various types of operators in 70 construction crane accident samples were analyzed.The results showed that the front-line operators of the hoisting machinery accident in the construction unit issued 196 unsafe actions.Among them,accidents caused by equipment drivers'unsafe actions were up to 29,accounting for 41.43%;followed by installation,maintenance,signaling,and on-site constructors,which issued 18,14 and 9 respectively,accounting for 25.71%,20% and 12.86% respectively.The analysis also showed that the common unsafe actions of front-line workers were five types:unauthorized removal or lifting,not wearing labor protection equipment,misjudgment of the operating site environment,violation of safe operating procedures,and operations with insufficient qualification,among which operations with insufficient qualification,violations of safe operating procedures and misjudgment of the operating site environment were the most frequently unsafe actions.