内蒙古草原三化与防治措施及成效

针对内蒙古草原退化、沙化、盐渍化(简称为草原三化)现状和变化状况,分析了治理草原三化的主要技术措施及其成效.草原三化主要由于开垦和多年超载过牧,加上1999年以来全区连续三年干旱和虫害,至使草原产量、盖度大幅度减少,草原三化加剧,草原生态环境严酷,受到社会各界的重视和关注.近几年,国家高度重视,加大了对草原监管及草原保护建设的力度,内蒙古各级政府有效的执行了草原管理和保护政策,采取了多种综合治理措施.由于降雨量的改善和草原建设项目及政策措施的实施,天然草原植被正在恢复当中,草原整体上向好的方面发展.

THE THREE ECOLOGICAL PROBLENS OF GRASSLAND AND MEASURES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PREVENTION AND CONTROL

According to status and changes of three ecological problems of grassland, namely degradation, sand and salinization, the main technological measures to harness the three ecological problems and effectiveness are analyzed. The three ecological problems originated from land reclamation and overgrazing over many years, especially, there were three - years continuous drought and locust disasters starting from 1999, it caused output and coverage of grass decreased greatly. The three ecological problems deteriorated and grassland ecological environment beeame serious, and it had drawn attention and concerns. In recent years, governments at all levels had paid enough attention on supervision, management and conservation of grassland, and had taken effective measures. Because of improvement of rainfall and implementation of grassland construction projects, the natural grassland vegetation are recovering and turning toward the good tendency generally.