新疆“十三五”城市空气质量评价分析

"十三五"是新疆经济、社会和环境发展的关键期。基于2015-2020年新疆14个城市空气质量年平均数据,采用三年滑动平均方法对新疆"十三五"空气质量进行评价分析。结果表明:全区空气质量优劣依次是北疆>东疆>南疆,其中乌鲁木齐市三年滑动年均优良天数比例呈逐年上升趋势,而和田市与之相反,呈下降趋势,且三年滑动年均下降率达到34.73%,此外阿图什市2020年三年滑动年均变化率从-40.19%上升至35.52%,上升幅度较大,表明空气质量明显改善。城市重污染天数呈高低交错形势,整体变化不明显,其中2018-2020年哈密市三年滑动年均变化率,从-42%上升至64%,上升幅度较大,表明重污染较严重。城市PM_2.5年均浓度整体呈逐年波动下降趋势,而O_3年均浓度整体呈逐年波动上升趋势,且O_3三年滑动年均增长率占比远大于下降率,说明全区整体的臭氧污染情况不容乐观。上述评价结果可为我区空气质量管理提供参考。

Evaluation of Urban Air Quality in Xinjiang During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period

The“13th Five-Year Plan”period is a critical period for the economic,social and environmental development of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Based on the annual average air quality data of 14 cities in Xinjiang from 2014 to 2020,a three-year moving average method is adopted to evaluate and analyze the air quality during the 13th Five-Year Planperiod.The results were showed as follows.The air quality of the 14 major cities in Xinjiang is in the order of Northern>Eastern>Southern Xinjiang.Among them,Urumqi City’s three-year sliding average days of good air quality proportionis increasing year by year,while that in Hotan city shows a downward trendandthree years of sliding average annual decline rate is 34.73%.In addition,the three-year sliding average annual change rate in Atushcity increased from-40.19%to 35.52%in 2020,indicating a significant improvement in air quality.The number of heavy air pollution days in 14 cities showed a staggered pattern,and the overall change was not obvious.Among them,the three-year sliding annual change rate of Hami increased from-42%to 64%during 2018 to 2020,which showed a large increase,indicating that heavy pollution was serious.The annual average concentration of PM 2.5 in 14 cities fluctuates and declines year by year,on the contrary,the annual average concentration of O 3 fluctuates and increases year by year,and the proportion of the three-year sliding average annual growth rate of O 3 concentration is far greater than the decline rate,indicating that the overall situation of ozone pollution is not optimistic.The air quality evaluation and analysis of cities in Xinjiang during the 13th Five-Year Plan period can provide references for air quality management in our region.