北京市生活垃圾堆肥设施耗能、排污及影响因素

对北京市5座生活垃圾堆肥设施(南宫、顺义、阿苏卫、燕山、沃绿洁)开展耗能、排污研究,实地调查获取5座设施2009—2011年的耗能、排污指标数据,并分析垃圾发酵、恶臭控制、渗滤液处理3个工艺的耗能排污特征,总结各工艺及设施层次耗能排污的影响因素. 结果表明:5座设施发酵工艺年耗水量(y,103t)与年垃圾处理量(x,103t)呈线性关系,有y=0.0551x+3.0627；隧道堆肥发酵工艺的单位(t)垃圾耗电、渗滤液及残渣产量均低于间歇式动态堆肥；隧道堆肥恶臭控制工艺耗水量占厂区总耗水量的5.92%,用电量占厂区总耗电量的23.78%；渗滤液处理工艺的耗电量与ρ(COD_Cr)呈正相关(P<0.05,R=0.981),但与渗滤液处理量相关性不强. 垃圾组成及性质、工艺差别、污染物特性影响工艺耗电量及恶臭、渗滤液产生量. 完善堆肥设施各个工艺环节并进行中水回用,有利于削减设施耗能排污. 

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Energy Consumption and Pollution Discharge of the Household Refuse Composting Facilities in Beijing City

Five existing household refuse composting facilities, Nangong, Shunyi, Asuwei, Yanshan, Wolujie, in Beijing City were taken to study the energy consumption and pollution emission of the composting process. Field investigation was carried out and the data of energy consumption and pollution emission of the composting facilities was collected for three-year from 2009-2011. The characteristics of the three crafts (e.g., fermentation, odor control and leachate dealing) were analyzed, and the influencing factors to energy consumption and pollution discharge were discussed. The results showed that there was a linear relationship (y=0.0551x+3.0627) between yearly consumed water (y, 103t) and treating waste (x, 103t) at the waste fermentation craft. The tunnel composting facilities held a less electricity consumption and leachate, residue emission per ton of waste compared to the intermittent composting facilities. In odor control craft, yearly water consumption was 5.92% of the total water consumed in the tunnel facility, while the electricity consumption held a proportion of 23.78%. Electricity consumption in leachate treatment craft was correlated to the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) in the leachate (P<0.05,R=0.981), but not significantly related with the amount of leachate. Influencing factors analysis indicated that waste composition, differences in waste treating process and the traits of the pollution, influence electricity consumption and odor, leachate discharge of the crafts; improving the completion of the three crafts in composting facilities and exploring the reuse of reclaimed water will benefit facilities in energy conservation and emission reduction.